Factors Influencing Tax Evasion from a Global Perspective in the Light of Gender

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.3.35.01

Keywords:

tax evasion, factors, gender, global perspective

Abstract

The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The goal of this paper is to analyze tax evasion with special emphasis on gender. Factors influencing tax noncompliance such as age, income, education, confidence in government, political scale and religiosity are analyzed.

Methodology: Tax evasion is analyzed based on the most recent (Wave 7) World Value Survey data with the significance of differences between respondents, correlation and regression models analysis.

Results of the research: It has been found that there are significant differences between the global approach and groups of males and females when the acceptance of cheating on taxes is taken into consideration. The analysis of groups reflected the fact that all factors influence respondents in the same way without distinguishing between males and females.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alm J., Jackson B. R. and McKee M. 2006. Audit information dissemination, taxpayer communication, and compliance behavior. “Andrew Young School of Policy Studies Research Paper”. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.897348

Baldry J. C., 1987. Income tax evasion and the tax schedule: Some experimental results. “Public Finance=Finances publiques”, 42(3).

Bishop J., 2000, Redistribution through the income tax: The vertical and horizontal effects of non-compliance and tax evasion. “Public Finance Review”, 28(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/109114210002800403

Blau, F. D., Ferber, M. A., & Winkler, A. E. (2002). The Economics of women, men and work . Upper Saddle.

Blum W.J. and Kalven H., 1953, The Uneasy Case for Progressive Taxation, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1597736

Brand P., 1996, Compliance: A 21st century approach. “National Tax Journal”, 49(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/NTJ41789214

Clotfelter C.T., 1983, Tax evasion and tax rates: An analysis of individual returns. “Review of Economics and Statistics”, 65(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1924181

Cohen J.R., Plant L. W. and Sharp D.J., 1998, The effect of gender and academic discipline diversity on the ethical evaluations, ethical intentions and ethical orientation of potential public accounting recruits. “Accounting Horizons”, 12(3).

Maslove A.M., 1993, Business Taxation in Ontario, Univ of Toronto Pr. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487573706

Thorndike J.J. and Ventry D.J. Jr., 2002, Tax justice: The Ongoing Debate, Washington.

Flathmann J. and Sheffrin S., 2003, Are Surveys of Taxpayers’ Honesty Honest?. In IIPF Congress Proceedings, Prague.

Frecknall-Hughes J., 2020, The Moral Basis for Taxation. In R.F. van Brederode (Ed.), Ethics and Taxation (23-45), Singapore: Springer Nature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0089-3_2

Friedman M., 1963, Capitalism and Freedom, Phoenix Books.

Gerxhani K. 2007. Explaining gender differences in tax evasion: the case of Tirana, Albania. “Feminist Economics”, 13(2), pp. 503–511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13545700601184856

Gerxhani K. and Schram A., 2006, Tax evasion and income source: A comparative experimental study. “Journal of Economic Psychology”, 27(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2005.08.002

Ghosh D. and Crain T.L., 1995, Ethical standards, attitudes towards risk, and international non-compliance: An experimental investigation. “Journal of Business Ethics”, 14(5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00872098

Giese S. and Hoffmann A., 2000, Tax evasion and risky investments in an intertemporal context: An experimental study (No. 2000, 30). SFB 373 Discussion Paper.

Gottfredson M. R. and Hirschi T., 1990. A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503621794

Green R.M., 2020, Head, Proportional, or Progressive Taxation: An Evaluation Based on Jewish and Christian Ethics. In R.F. van Brederode (Ed.), Ethics and Taxation (pp. 115–144), Singapore: Springer Nature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0089-3_5

Greenspan A., 2008, Era zawirowań, Muza, Warszawa.

Hall R.E. and Rabushka A., 1985, The Flat Tax, Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press.

Hanousek J. and Palda F., 2002, ‘Why People Evade Taxes in the Czech and Slovak Republics: A Tale of Twins.’’ CERGE-EI Discussion Paper.

Hasseldine J., 1999, Gender differences in tax compliance. “Asia-Pacific Journal of Taxation”, 3(2).

Hazlitt H., 1959, The Failure of the “New Economics” An Analysis of the Keynesian Fallacies. D. Van Nostrand Company. Reprinted in 2007 by the Ludwig von Mises Institute.

Hazlitt H. (Ed.) 1995, The Critics of Keynesian Economics, 2nd edition. Irvington-on-Hudson, NY: The Foundation for Economic Education. First published by D. Van Nostrand Company in 1960.

Hewitson G., 2001, A survey of feminist economics (1-52), La Trobe University.

Horton K., 2003, Fostering public confidence in the tax system through criminal investigation. Proceedings of the Third National Tax Conference, Palace of Golden Horses, Selangor, Malaysia, 7–8 August.

Jackson B.R. and Jaouen P.R., 1989, Influencing taxpayer compliance through sanction threat or appeals to conscience. “Advances in Taxation”, 2.

Jackson B.R. and Milliron V.C., 1986, Tax compliance research: Findings, problems, and prospects.”Journal of Accounting Literature”, 5.

Jouvenel B., 1952, The Ethics of Redistribution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Reprinted by the Liberty Fund, Indianapolis, 1990.

Kasipillai J., Baldry J. and Rao D.S.P., 2000, Estimating the size and determinants of hidden income and tax evasion in Malaysia. “Asian Review of Accounting”, 8(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb060727

Kasipillai J. and Abdul-Jabbar H., 2006, Gender and ethnicity differences in tax compliance. “Asian Academy of Management Journal”, 11(2).

Keynes J.M., 1936, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, London.

Kuiper E., Sap J., Feiner S., Ott N. and Tzannatos Z. (Eds.), 1995, Out of the margin: Feminist perspectives on economics, Psychology Press.

Kurauone O., Kong Y., Sun H., Famba T., and Muzamhindo S., 2021. Tax evasion; public and political corruption and international trade: a global perspective. “Journal of Financial Economic Policy” pp. 698–729. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFEP-04-2020-0067

Lawsky S.B., 2011, On the Edge: Declining Marginal Utility and Tax Policy, Minnesota Law Review 95 pp. 904–952.

Loo E.C., 2006, Tax knowledge, tax structure and compliance: A report on a quasiexperiment. “New Zealand Journal of Taxation Law and Policy”, 12(2).

Mariański A., 2018, Krótka historia opodatkowania dochodu. “Kwartalnik Prawa Podatkowego”, (3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/1509-877X.2018.03.01

McGee R.W., 1998, Is the Ability to Pay Principle Ethically Bankrupt? “Journal of Accounting, Ethics and Public Policy”, 1(3), pp. 503–511.

McGee R.W., 1999, An Ethical Look at Paying Your “Fair Share” of Taxes. “Journal of Accounting, Ethics and Public Policy”, 2(2), pp. 318–328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.242549

McGee, R.W., 2004, The Philosophy of Taxation and Public Finance. Boston & Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9140-9

McGee R.W. (Ed.), 2008, Taxation and Public Finance in Transition and Developing Economies. New York: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-25712-9

McGee R.W. (Ed.), 2012, The Ethics of Tax Evasion: Perspectives in Theory and Practice. New York: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1287-8

McGee R.W., 2021, Elon Musk and the Case for a Maximum Tax. Working Paper. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3994059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3994059

McGee R.W. and Shopovski J. (Eds.), 2022, The Ethics of Tax Evasion, Volume 2, New Perspectives in Theory and Practice. Switzerland: Springer.

McGee R.W., Shopovski J. & Bolek M., 2023. Attitudes toward Tax Evasion in Argentina. In R.W. McGee & J. Shopovski (Eds.), The Ethics of Tax Evasion: Country Studies. Switzerland: Springer Nature (in print).

Mill, J. S.,1884, Principles of political economy. D. Appleton.

Molero J. C. and Pujol F., 2012, Walking inside the potential tax evader’s mind: tax morale does matter. “Journal of Business Ethics”, 105(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0955-1

Nozick R., 1974, Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: Basic Books.

OECD, 2020, Annex A. The OECD Classification of Taxes and Interpretative Guide.

Olexova C., and Červená K., 2019. Global Capital Tax as a Tool to Reduce Tax Evasion. “International Advances in Economic Research”, 25(3), pp. 367–369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-019-09740-9

Pardisi A. and McGee R.W., 2022. Gender and Attitudes toward Tax Evasion. In R.W. McGee & J. Shopovski (Eds.), The Ethics of Tax Evasion, Volume 2, New Perspectives in Theory and Practice. Switzerland: Springer Nature.

Pentland B. T. and Carlile P., 1996, Audit the taxpayer, not the return: Tax auditing as an expression game. “Accounting, Organizations and Society”, 21(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(95)00023-2

Peters C., 2020, Global Tax Justice: Who’s Involved? In R.F. van Brederode (Ed.), Ethics and Taxation (pp. 165–187), Singapore: Springer Nature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0089-3_7

Piketty T., 2018, Capital in the twenty-first century, Harvard University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674982918

Powell M. and Ansic D., 1997, Gender differences in risk behavior in financial decisionmaking: An experimental analysis. “Journal of Economic Psychology”, 18(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4870(97)00026-3

Reckers P. M. J. and Sanders D. L., 1994, The influence of ethical attitudes on taxpayer compliance. “National Tax Journal”, 47(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/NTJ41789111

Richardson G., 2006, Determinants of tax evasion: A cross-country investigation. “Journal of international Accounting, Auditing and taxation”, 15(2), pp. 150–169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2006.08.005

Ross A. and McGee R.W., 2011, Attitudes toward Tax Evasion: “A Demographic Study of Switzerland. Business Studies Journal”, 3(2), pp. 1–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2202/2154-4611.1028

Ross A. and McGee R.W., 2012, Education Level and Ethical Attitude toward Tax Evasion: A Six-Country Study. “Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues”, 15(2), pp. 93–138.

Roth J.A., Scholz J.T. and Whitte A.D., 1989, Taxpayer compliance: An agenda for research. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9783/9781512806274

Rothbard M.N., 2009, Man, Economy, and State with Power and Market, 2nd edition. Auburn, AL: Mises Institute.

Rueff J., 1995, The Fallacies of Lord Keynes’ General Theory. In H. Hazlitt (Ed.), The Critics of Keynesian Economics, 2nd edition (pp. 238–263). Irvington-on-Hudson, NY: The Foundation for Economic Education. First published by D. Van Nostrand Company in 1960.

Sheffrin S. M., 2013, Tax fairness and folk justice, Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139026918

Smith, A., 1776, An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations: Volume One. London: printed for W. Strahan and T. Cadell. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00043218

Swamy A., Knack S., Lee Y., and Azfar O., 2001, Gender and corruption. “Journal of development economics”, 64(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00123-1

Tibiletti L., 1999, The paradox of tax full compliance: A solution. “Atlantic Economic Journal”, 27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02299589

Torgler B., 2002, Does Culture Influence Tax Morale? Evidence from Different European Countries. WWZ (Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Zentrum der Universita¨t Basel) Discussion Paper, 02/08.

Torgler B. and Schneider F., 2007, What shapes attitudes toward paying taxes? Evidence from multicultural European countries. “Social Science Quarterly”, 88(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2007.00466.x

Torgler B. and Schaltegger C. A., 2005, Tax amnesties and political participation. “Public Finance Review”, 33(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142105275438

Torgler B. and Valev N. T., 2010. Gender and public attitudes toward corruption and tax evasion. “Contemporary Economic Policy”, 28(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2009.00188.x

Van Brederode R.F, 2020, Ethics and Taxation, Singapore: Springer Nature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0089-3

Williams J.H., 1995, Appraisal of Keynesian Economics. In H. Hazlitt (Ed.), The Critics of Keynesian Economics, 2nd edition (pp. 264–286). Irvington-on-Hudson, NY: The Foundation for Economic Education. First published by D. Van Nostrand Company in 1960.

World Value Survey https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org

Yaniv G., 1999. Tax compliance and advance tax payments: A prospect theory analysis. “National Tax Journal”, 52(December). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/NTJ41789428

Zager M. A., 1994, Gender and Crime, in The Generality of Deviance, edited by Travis Hirschi and Michael R. Gottfredson. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.

Downloads

Published

2022-09-14

Issue

Section

Article

How to Cite

McGee, Robert W., Jovan Shopovski, and Monika Bolek. 2022. “Factors Influencing Tax Evasion from a Global Perspective in the Light of Gender”. Journal of Finance and Financial Law 3 (35): 9-26. https://doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.3.35.01.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>