Odpowiedzialne prowadzenie działalności biznesowej w świetle polityki inwestycji Unii Europejskiej
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.27.28Słowa kluczowe:
polityka inwestycyjna UE, bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne (BIZ), handel międzynarodowy, odpowiedzialne prowadzenie działalności biznesowej, społeczna odpowiedzialność przedsiębiorstw, zrównoważony rozwójAbstrakt
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie roli odpowiedzialnego prowadzenia biznesu (RBC)/społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu (CSR) we wspólnej polityce inwestycji Unii Europejskiej (UE) w odniesieniu do bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ), w kontekście szerszego celu, jakim jest zrównoważony rozwój. Unia prowadzi wspólną politykę inwestycji na mocy Traktatu o funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej. W ramach tej polityki UE wykorzystuje swoje prawo do negocjowania nowej generacji umów o handlu i inwestycjach. Nowym rozwiązaniem w tych umowach jest uwzględnienie postanowień o zrównoważonym rozwoju oraz RBC/CSR. W artykule prezentowane są przykłady takich postanowień, zawartych w umowach między UE a Republiką Korei, Kanadą i Japonią. Unia postrzega RBC/CSR jako ważny środek osiągnięcia celów zrównoważonego rozwoju, ustanowionych w Agendzie 2030. Odpowiedzialne prowadzenie działalności biznesowej jest promowane i wspierane przez instrumenty polityki handlowej i inwestycyjnej UE. Ze względu na fakt, że RBC/CSR mają dobrowolny charakter, wdrożenie umownych zobowiązań może polegać jedynie na „miękkich” środkach i działaniach. Jedyny „silniejszy” instrument pozostający do dyspozycji stron umowy, tj. sankcje handlowe, jest traktowany jako wyjątkowy i nie był dotychczas wykorzystywany. Oczekuje się, że zakończone negocjacje w ramach WTO, dotyczące umowy o ułatwieniach dla inwestycji, wzmocnią reorientację polityki UE w kierunku ułatwiania inwestycji w stosunkach z krajami rozwijającymi się.
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