The Job Quality of Psychotherapists in the Polish Socio-Institutional Context: The Subjective Dimension
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8069.21.4.09Keywords:
psychotherapists, work, job quality, coping strategies, mental healthAbstract
This article examines the job quality of psychotherapists from the perspective of the sociology of work. Given the increasing demand for mental health services, psychotherapists are classified as ‘essential workers’. The study explores the subjective dimension of job quality, the tensions and challenges that psychotherapists experience in their work, and the coping strategies they adopt to improve their job quality. The findings reveal a dual labor market, where subjective job quality in the private sector is significantly higher than in the public sector. Publicsector psychotherapists face excessive bureaucracy and control, relatively low wages, and high work intensity, which leads them to transition to the private sector.
Downloads
References
Archer Margaret (2007), Making our Way Through the World: Human Reflexivity and Social Mobility, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511618932
Bouquin Stephen (2019), Job quality in Europe, [in:] Tommy Isidorsson, Julia Kubisa (eds.), Job Quality in an Era of Flexibility. Experiences of Job Quality in an European Context, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 20–33.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203710678-2
Dobransky K. Michael (2019), Breaking Down Walls, Building Bridges, “Society and Mental Health”, vol. 9(2), pp. 228–242.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2156869317750705
Dziennik Ustaw Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (2024), Obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 14 czerwca 2024 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu ustawy o ochronie zdrowia psychicznego (Dz.U. 2024, poz. 917), https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20240000917 (accessed: 23.02.2025).
Google Scholar
ETUI (2018), Job quality index (JQI), https://www.etui.org/topics/labour-market-employment-social-policy/job-quality-index-jqi (accessed: 6.02.2025).
Google Scholar
Eurofound (2022), Working conditions in the time of COVID-19: Implications for the future, European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 series, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Google Scholar
Eurofound (2023), Job quality of COVID-19 pandemic essential workers, European Working Conditions Telephone Survey series, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Google Scholar
Eurofound (2024), Job Quality Side of Climate Change. Working Conditions and Sustainable Work Series, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Google Scholar
European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion (2023), Employment and social developments in Europe 2023, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Google Scholar
Eurostat (2024), Healthcare expenditure – overview, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Healthcare_expenditure_statistics_-_overview (accssed: 1.03.2025).
Google Scholar
Gardawski Juliusz, Mrozowicki Adam, Burski Jacek, Czarzasty Jan, Karolak Mateusz (2022), Polacy pracujący w czasie COVID-19, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
Google Scholar
Greenberg McClintock Tamara (2020), Treating Complex Trauma: Combined Theories and Methods, Cham: Springer.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45285-8
Grupa robocza do spraw projektu ustawy o zawodzie psychoterapeuty (2024), Psychoterapeuta – zawód zaufania publicznego. Projekt ustawy o zawodzie psychoterapeuty. Główne założenia, https://orka.sejm.gov.pl/opinie10.nsf/nazwa/1000_20240125/$file/1000_20240125.pdf (accessed: 1.03.2025).
Google Scholar
GUS (2024), Zdrowie i ochrona zdrowia w 2023 roku, https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/zdrowie/zdrowie/zdrowie-i-ochrona-zdrowia-w-2023-roku,1,14.html (accessed: 1.03.2025).
Google Scholar
Howell David R., Kalleberg Arne L. (2019), Declining Job Quality in the United States: Explanations and Evidence, “The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences”, vol. 5(4), pp. 1–53.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2019.5.4.01
Hyman Jeff, Scholarios Dora, Baldry Chris (2005), Getting on or Getting by? Employee Flexibility and Coping Strategies for Home and Work, “Work, Employment & Society”, vol. 19(4), pp. 705–725.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017005058055
IPSOS (2024), World Mental Health Day 2024. A 31-country Ipsos Global Advisor Survey, https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2024-10/Ipsos%20World%20Mental%20Health%20Day%202024%20Global%20Charts.pdf (accessed: 24.02.2025).
Google Scholar
Isidorsson Tommy, Kubisa Julia (eds.) (2019), Job Quality in an Era of Flexibility. Experiences of Job Quality in an European Context, Oxon: Routledge.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203710678
Karolak Mateusz (2020), Społeczno-ekonomiczne konteksty prekaryzacji pracy młodych w Polsce, [in:] A. Mrozowicki, J. Czarzasty (eds.), Oswajanie niepewności. Studia społeczno-ekonomiczne nad młodymi pracownikami sprekaryzowanymi, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, pp. 49–72.
Google Scholar
Kaźmierczyk Paweł, Papis Maria, Nowosielska-Łaskawiec Julia, Bednarski Jan (2024), Raport regulacyjny. Poprawa ochrony zdrowia psychicznego dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce, https://rzmlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Raport-Poprawa_ochrony_zdrowia_psychicznego_dziecii_mlodziezy_w_Polsce.pdf (accessed: 23.02.2025).
Google Scholar
Kozek Wiesława (2013), Rynek pracy. Perspektywa instytucjonalna, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323518334
Kubisa Julia, Mendonça Pedro (2019), Job quality in an era of flexibility. Introduction, [in:] Tommy Isidorsson, Julia Kubisa (eds.), Job Quality in an Era of Flexibility. Experiences of Job Quality in an European Context, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 1–19.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203710678-1
Lozinskaia Elena (2002), Study of Stress Parameters in the Work of the Clinical Psychiatrist, “International Journal of Metal Health”, vol. 31(1), pp. 93–98.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2002.11449548
Muñoz de Bustillo Rafael, Fernández-Macías Enrique, Antón José-Ignacio, Esteve Fernando (2011), Measuring More than Money: The Social Economics of Job Quality, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849805919
NIK (2023), Informacja o wynikach kontroli. Pomoc psychologiczna i psychoterapeutyczna dla dzieci i młodzieży, https://www.nik.gov.pl/kontrole/P/23/076/LPO/ (accessed: 23.02.2025).
Google Scholar
Nowak Katarzyna (2021), Nasilenie stresu i style radzenia sobie z nim u nauczycieli w pandemii COVID-19, „Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio J. Paedagogia–Psychologia”, vol. 34(3), pp. 7–24.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17951/j.2021.34.3.7-24
Palęcka Alicja (2023), Who cares for carers? Responsibilization and the discourse of self-care in health and social care literature during the COVID-19 pandemic. A critical review, “Qualitative Social Work”, vol. 23(6), pp. 1–16.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250231204628
Pawłowska-Krać Aneta (2023), Głośnik w głowie. O leczeniu psychiatrycznym w Polsce, Wołowiec: Wydawnictwo Czarne.
Google Scholar
Piasna Agnieszka (2023), Job Quality in Turbulent Times. An Update of the Job Quality Index, Brussels: European Trade Union Institute.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4472203
Piasna Agnieszka, Pedaci Marcello, Czarzasty Jan (2020), Multiple jobholding in Europe: features and effects of primary job quality, “Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research”, vol. 27(2), pp. 181–199.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1024258920958836
PTS (2012), Kodeks etyki socjologa, https://pts.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/kodeks.pdf (accessed: 12.11.2023).
Google Scholar
Szyszka Małgorzata, Zaborowska Agnieszka (2022), Specyfika pracy socjalnej w dobie pandemii. Badania jakościowe wśród pracowników pomocy społecznej, „Zeszyty Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawła II”, vol. 65(4), pp. 125–142.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31743/znkul.14566
Wciórka Jacek (2021), Postawy wobec osób chorujących psychicznie, chorób psychicznych i instytucji psychiatrycznych, [in:] J. Moskalewicz, J. Wciórka (eds.), Kondycja psychiczna mieszkańców Polski. Raport z badań „Kompleksowe badanie stanu zdrowia psychicznego społeczeństwa i jego uwarunkowań – EZOP II”, Warszawa: Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii, pp. 483–504.
Google Scholar
Wciórka Jacek, Biechowska Daria, Langiewicz Wanda, Ostaszewski Krzysztof, Moskalewicz Jacek (2021), Podsumowanie wyników badania EZOP II, [in:] J. Moskalewicz, J. Wciórka (eds.), Kondycja psychiczna mieszkańców Polski. Raport z badań „Kompleksowe badanie stanu zdrowia psychicznego społeczeństwa i jego uwarunkowań – EZOP II”, Warszawa: Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii, pp. 719–753.
Google Scholar
WHO (2022), World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049338 (accessed: 18.10.2024).
Google Scholar
WHO (2023), Latest news. “Giving mental health the attention it deserves” – Poland adopts WHO tool to boost efforts to address mental health needs, https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/10-10-2023-giving-mental-health-the-attention-it-deserves----poland-adopts-who-tool-to-boost-efforts-to-address-mental-health-needs (accessed: 10.01.2025).
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.




