Family Changes in Iranian Kurdistan: A Mixed Methods Study of Mangor and Gawerk Tribes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8069.8.3.04Słowa kluczowe:
Family Changes, Modernization, Mixed Methods Research, Grounded Theory, Mangor and Gawerk TribesAbstrakt
Over the last few decades, the Iranian Kurdish society, including family and kinship systems, has experienced enormous changes as a result of government implemented modernization efforts. This paper reports the results of a quantitative/ qualitative mixed methods study aimed at exploring (a) the nature of change in family and kinship systems and (b) how people understand and interpret these changes. The sample for this study was drawn from the Mangor and Gawerk tribes residing in the Mahabad Township located in the West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Using standardized questionnaires, 586 people were sampled as part of the quantitative portion of the study. For the qualitative portion, data was collected on 20 people using both in-depth interviews and participant observations. The quantitative data was analyzed by SPSS software and the qualitative data was interpreted using grounded theory procedures. The quantitative findings showed that the urbanization, modern education, and mass media have all contributed to the emergence of a new form of family and kinship life. In addition, while supporting quantitative findings, the qualitative results revealed that participants were aware of and sensitive to sources, processes, and effects of modernization on their family and kinship life.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad J. and Peter McDonald. 2007. “Family Change in Iran: Religion, Revolution, and the State.” Pp. 177-198 in International Family Change: Ideational Perspectives, edited by R. Jayakody, A. Thornton and W. Axinn. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Google Scholar
Al-Haj, Majid. 1988. “The Changing Arab Kinship Structure: The Effect of Modernization in an Urban Community.” The Economic Development and Cultural Change 36(2):237-258. Retrieved December 17, 2010 http://www.jstor.org/pss/1153766
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/451650
Al-Haj, Majid. 1995. “Kinship and Modernization in Developing Societies: The Emergence of Instrumentalized Kinship.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies 26(3):311-328. Retrieved December 17, 2010 http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000365499
Google Scholar
Armaaki, Taghi A. and Tahereh Gazaei. 2000. “Studying Socio-Economic Developments in Three Generations of Tehranian Families.” Journal of Social Sciences Letter 16:3-29. Retrieved June 21, 2004 http://www.sid.ir/fa/VEWSSID/J_pdf/50613791601.pdf
Google Scholar
Behnam, Jamshid. 1971. [Structures of Family and Kinship in Iran.] Tehran: Kharazmi Publisher. [Published in Persian].
Google Scholar
Bergman, Manfred M. 2008. Advances in Mixed Methods Research: Theories and Applications. London: Sage.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857024329
Bernstein, Henry. 2002. “Modernization Theory and the Sociological Study of Development.” Journal of Development Studies 7(2):141-160. Retrieved Octobr 17, 2008 http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~courses/PoliticalScience/670A1/documents/HenryBernstein-ModernizationSociogyofDev.pdf
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220387108421356
Blaikie, Norman. 2007. Approaches to Social Inquiry. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Google Scholar
Brannen, Julia. 1992. “Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches: An Overview.” Pp. 3-37 in Mixing Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Research, edited by J. Brannen. Aldershot: Avebury.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315248813-1
Brewer, John and Albert Hunter. 1989. Multimethod Research: A synthesis of Styles. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Brewer, John and Albert Hunter. 2006. Foundations of Multimethod Research: Synthesizing Styles. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412984294
Bryman, Alan. 1988. Quantity and Quality in Social Research. London: Unwin Hyman.
Google Scholar
Campbell, Donald T. and Donald W. Fiske. 1959. “Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitraitmultimethod matrix.” Psychological Bulletin 56(2):81-105. Retrieved September 5, 2010 www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1987/A1987G546500001.pdf
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046016
Corbin, Juliet and Anselm Strauss. 2008. Basics of Qualitative Research. 3rd ed. London: Sage.
Google Scholar
Creswell, John W. 1994. Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Creswell, John W. 2003. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Creswell, John W. and Vicki L. Plano Clark. 2007. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. London: Sage.
Google Scholar
Ember, Carol and Melvin Ember. 2002. Cultural Anthropology. 10th ed. New Jersey, NY: Prentice-Hall.
Google Scholar
Ervin, Alexander M. 2000. Applied Anthropology: Tools and Perspectives for Contemporary Practice. Boston, MA: Allyn and Becon Press.
Google Scholar
Glaser, Barney and Anselm Strauss. 1967. Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago, IL: Aldine Transaction.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014
Good, William J. 1963. World Revolution and Family Patterns. London: Free Press of Glencoe.
Google Scholar
Greene, Jennifer C. 2007. Mixed Methods in Social Inquiry. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publisher.
Google Scholar
Heckmann, Lale. 1991. Tribe and Kinship among Kurds. Frankfurt: Peter Lang Press.
Google Scholar
Hirschman, Charles and Huu Minh Nguyen. 2002. “Tradition and Change in Vietnemes Family Structure in The Red River Delta.” Journal of Marriage and Family 64(4):1063-1079. Retrieved September 17, 2006 http://faculty.washington.edu/charles/pubs/2002-TraditionChangeVietnameseFamilyStructure.pdf
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.01063.x
Hulme, David and Mark Turner. 1990. Sociology and Development. New York: Harvest Wheatsheaf.
Google Scholar
Johnson, Burke and Larry B. Christensen. 2008. Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon Press.
Google Scholar
Jones, Gavin W. 1981. “Malay marriage and change in peninsular Malaysia: three decades of change.” Population and Development Review 7(2):255-278. Retrieved October 22, 2009 http://www.jstor.org/pss/1972623
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1972623
Lajavardi, Haleh. 1997. Sakhtare Ghodrat Dar Khanewade. Unpublished M.A thesis, Department of Sociology, Tehran University, Iran.
Google Scholar
Lesthaeghe, Ron. 1983. “A Century of Demographic and Cultural Change in Western Europe: An Exploration of Underlying Dimensions.” Population and Development Review 9(3):411-436. Retrieved November 7, 2009 http://www.jstor.org/pss/1973316
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1973316
Lesthaeghe, Ron and Johan Surkyn. 2002. “New Forms of Household Formation in Central and Eastern Europe: Are They Related to Newly Emerging Value Orientations?” Interuniversity Papers in Demography, IPD-WP 2002-2. Brussels and Ghent: Interface Demography.
Google Scholar
Malhotra, Anju and Amy Ong Tsui. 1996. “Marriage Timing in Sri Lanka: The Role of Modern Norms and Ideas.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 58(2):476-490. Retrieved August 13, 2010 www.jstor.org/stable/353511
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/353511
McDonald, Peter. 2006. “Low Fertility and the State: The Efficacy of Policy.” Population and Development Review 32(3):485-510. Retrieved June 27, 2009 http://iussp2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=50830
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2006.00134.x
McMichael, Philip. 2004. Development and Social Change. A Global Perspective. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
Google Scholar
Mikheeva, Anna. 2007. “Family Change and New Balance of Family Roles: The Case of Siberia.” International Review of Sociology 17(2):343-357. Retrieved December 4, 2011 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03906700701357471
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03906700701357471
Mohammadpur, Ahmad. 2001. Farayand va Payamadhaye Nosazi Dar Shahrestane Sardasht: Az 1300 ta 1379. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Department of Sociology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Google Scholar
Mohammadpur, Ahmad. 2007. Bazsazie Maanaeie Payamadhaye Nosazi Dar Mantaghe Ouramane Takhte Kurdistan Iran. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Google Scholar
Mohammadpur, Ahmad, Rasoul Sadeghi, Mehdi Rezaei and Latif Partovi. 2009. “Motalee Tarkibie Taghirate Khanevade Dar Beine Ilate Gawerk va Mangoor Mahabad.” Faslname Pajohesh Zanan 7(4):71-93. Retrieved May 13, 2009 http://sid.ir/fa/VEWSSID/J_PDF/61713880404.pdf
Google Scholar
Morgan, David. 1998. “Practical Strategies for Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Applications to Health Research.” Qualitative Health Research 8:362-376. Retrieved June 9, 2009 http://srmo.sagepub.com/view/emergent-methods-in-social-research/n8.xml
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104973239800800307
Neuman, Lawrence W. 2006. Social Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. 6th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon Press.
Google Scholar
Newman, Isadore and Carolyn R. Benz. 1998. Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology: Exploring The Interactive Continuum. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Google Scholar
Niglas, Katrin. 2004. The Combined Use of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Educational Research. Unpublished PhD dissertation on Social Sciences, Department of Education, Tallinn Pedagogical University, Tallinn, Estonia.
Google Scholar
Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J. and Nancy L. Leech. 2005. “Taking the “Q” Out of Research: Teaching Research Methodology Courses Without the Divide Between Quantitative and Qualitative Paradigms.” Quality and Quantity: International Journal of Methodology 39(3):267-295. Retrieved December 4, 2011 http://www.springerlink.com/content/v267h15758153h81/
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-004-1670-0
Peet, Richard and Elaine Hartwick. 1999. Theories of Development. New York: Guilford Press.
Google Scholar
Saraei, Hasan. 2007. “Tadavom va Taghir Khanevade Dar Jarian Gozare Jamiati.” Journal of Population Association of Iran 1(2):37-60. Retrieved May 21, 2009 http://www.sid.ir/fa/ViewPaperFa.asp?ID=70301&varStr=4
Google Scholar
Scupin, Raymond and David McCurdy. 2004. Anthropology: A Global Perspective. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Press.
Google Scholar
Seltzer, Judith A. et al. 2005. “Explaining Family Change and Variation: Challenges for Family Demographers.” Journal of Marriage and Family 67(4):908-925. Retrieved July 23, 2009 http://www.soc.duke.edu/~efc/Docs/pubs/ExplainingFamilyChange_JMF2005_final2.pdf
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00183.x
Seyyed Rabih, Farid. 2000. Barrasi Avamele Moaser Bar Tahavole Khanevade Gostarde Be Hastei Dar Tarikh Moaser Iran. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Department of Demography, Tehran University, Iran.
Google Scholar
Strauss, Anselm and Juliet Corbin. 1998. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Tashakkori, Abbas and Charles Teddlie. 1998. Mixed Methodology: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Tashakkori, Abbas and Charles Teddlie. 2003. Handbook of Mixed Social and Behavioral Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Teddlie, Charles and Fen Yu. 2007. “Mixed Methods Sampling: A Typology With Examples.” Journal of Mixed Methods Research 1:77-100. Retrieved May 24, 2008. http://mmr.sagepub.com/content/1/1/77.short?rss=1&ssource=mfc
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806292430
Teddlie, Charles and Abbas Tashakkori. 2009. Foundations of Mixed Method Research: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Techniques in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. London: Sage.
Google Scholar
Thornton, Arland, Georgina Binstock and Dirgha Ghimire. 2004. “International Networks, Ideas, and Family Change.” Population Studies Center Research Report No. 04-566. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Retrieved December 4, 2011 http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/pdf/rr04-566.pdf
Google Scholar
Toren, Nina. 2003. “Tradition and Transition: Family Change in Israel.” Journal of Gender Issues 21(2):60-76. Retrieved June 27, 2010 www.springerlink.com/index/HWAUKWYCALAEUNKP.pdf
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-003-0017-9
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Jak cytować
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.