Infrastruktura, rozwój kapitału ludzkiego i wzrost gospodarczy w krajach przejściowych

Autor

  • Kunofiwa Tsaurai South Africa, Pretoria, Risk Management and Banking, Department of Finance, University of South Africa
  • Adam Ndou South Africa, Pretoria, Risk Management and Banking, Department of Finance, University of South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2478/cer-2019-0003

Słowa kluczowe:

kapitał ludzki, infrastruktura, gospodarki przechodzące transformację, metoda uogólnionych momentów (dynamic GMM)

Abstrakt

W niniejszym opracowaniu poddano analizie wpływ rozwoju infrastruktury i kapitału ludzkiego na wzrost gospodarczy w gospodarkach przechodzących proces transformacji. Zbadano również, czy interakcje między rozwojem infrastruktury a rozwojem kapitału ludzkiego przyczyniły się do wzrostu gospodarczego w tych gospodarkach. Mimo że literatura przedmiotu obejmuje wiele opracowań, poświęconych zbadaniu odrębnego wpływu rozwoju infrastruktury i rozwoju kapitału ludzkiego na wzrost gospodarczy, to jednak żadne ze znanych autorowi badań nie było poświęcone próbie kapitału ludzkiego sprzyjają wzrostowi gospodarczemu. W badaniu wykorzystano głównie uogólnione metody momentów (dynamic panel GMM) autorstwa Arellano i Bonda (1995), które uwzględniają dynamiczny charakter danych dotyczących wzrostu gospodarczego i rozwiązują problemy endogeniczności normalnie związane z funkcjami regresji wzrostu gospodarczego. Metody analizy danych panelowych, takie jak metoda najmniejszych kwadratów (pooled OLS) oraz metody z efektami stałymi i losowymi zostały użyte do celów porównawczych i przeprowadzenia testów odporności. Zgodnie z dynamicznym podejściem opartym na uogólnionych metodach momentów (GMM), interakcje między rozwojem infrastruktury a rozwojem kapitału ludzkiego przyczyniły się do zwiększenia wzrostu gospodarczego w gospodarkach przechodzących transformację, zgodnie z przewidywaniami teoretycznymi i empirycznymi. Metoda z efektami losowymi i metoda najmniejszych kwadratów (pooled OLS) pokazują, że interakcje między rozwojem infrastruktury a rozwojem kapitału ludzkiego miały szkodliwy wpływ na wzrost gospodarczy, natomiast zgodnie z metodą z efektami stałymi interakcje między tymi dwiema zmiennymi miały niewielki pozytywny wpływ na wzrost gospodarczy w gospodarkach przechodzących transformację. Biorąc pod uwagę, że wyniki otrzymane metodą uogólnionych momentów (GMM) są uważane za dokładniejsze ze względu na możliwość uwzględnienia problemu endogeniczności i dynamiczny charakter danych dotyczących wzrostu gospodarczego, z niniejszego badania wynika zalecenie, aby gospodarki przechodzące transformację wdrożyły polityki, które wspierają rozwój kapitału ludzkiego w celu zwiększenia zdolności rozwoju infrastruktury do wpływania na wzrost gospodarczy. Przyszłe badania powinny obejmować nie tylko jeden (rozwój kapitału ludzkiego), ale wszystkie warunki, które muszą być spełnione aby rozwój infrastruktury mógł przyczynić się do osiągnięcia korzyści ekonomicznych.

Pobrania

Brak dostępnych danych do wyświetlenia.

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Opublikowane

2019-03-25

Jak cytować

Tsaurai, K., & Ndou, A. (2019). Infrastruktura, rozwój kapitału ludzkiego i wzrost gospodarczy w krajach przejściowych. Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe, 22(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.2478/cer-2019-0003

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