A Proposal for Assessing the Functioning of the Sense of Smell and Olfactory Stimulation in Children as Part of Speech Therapy Treatment for Disorders of Various Etiologies

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2544-7238.10.08

Keywords:

sense of smell, olfactory disorders, olfactory therapy, oral reflex reactions to odours

Abstract

Smell disorders in neurological patients have been noticed by diagnosticians and therapists from various fields, but it is in only recent years that the sense of smell and the treatment of its disorders have become an important area of research and scientific exploration, also in speech therapy. The presented procedures for examining the sense of smell in children under 2 years of age and for olfactory‑respiratory stimulation serve illustrative purposes. They have been prepared in relation to the latest research, including neuropsychological and neuroanatomical research, and result from therapeutic experience in working with speech therapy patients with olfactory disorders. Research and observations conducted on a group of 100 children with developmental difficulties and without reflexes indicating correct reception of olfactory stimuli clearly indicate that the problem of olfactory disorders affects a very large group of children and has an impact on the overall functioning of a small person from the first moments of his or her life. Proposed diagnostic and therapeutic procedure protocol in olfactory disorders was developed and then used in the period 04/2022–04/2023 on patients aged 3 to 24 months at the Ołtaszynek Children’s Day Rehabilitation Center in Wrocław. The evaluation of the activities proves the effectiveness of the procedures used in terms of triggering reflexes accompanying the perception of odours, including the appearance of the nasal respiratory tract.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Ewa Racławska, Dzienny Ośrodek Rehabilitacji Dziecięcej „Ołtaszynek”

M.A., clinical speech therapist, olfactory therapist, andragogical pedagogue. As an active speech therapist, he works at the "Ołtaszynek" Children's Day Rehabilitation Center in Wrocław and at the PULSANTIS Specialist and Rehabilitation Clinic in Wrocław, where he conducts speech therapy for children with developmental challenges. She is the first therapist in Poland dealing with the rehabilitation of smell disorders. She cooperates with, among others, with speech therapists and therapists from France.

References

Albert E., 2022, Petit Manuel pratique pour retrouver l’odorat et le goût, Paris: De Beck Superieur SA.
Google Scholar

Albert E., Michel J., 2022, Rééducation Olfactive par les Épices, ESPIG – materiały do zestawu z przyprawami do stymulacji węchu.
Google Scholar

Arshamian A., Gerkin R.C., Kruspe N., Wnuk E., Floyd S., O’Meara C., Garrido Rodriguez G., Lundström J.N., Mainland J.D., Majid A., 2022, The perception of odor pleasantness is shared across cultures, „Current Biology”, Vol. 32(9), s. 2061–2066, https://www.cell.com/current‑biology/pdfExtended/S0960-9822(22)00332-3 (dostęp: 14.04.2024).
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.062

Barwich A.‑S., 2022, Węch, co nos mówi umysłowi, Kraków: Copernicus Center Press Sp. z o.o.
Google Scholar

Berliner D.L., Monti‑Bloch L., Jennings‑White C., Diaz‑Sanchez V., 1996, The functionality of human vomeronasal organ (VNO): evidence for steroid receptors, „Steroid Biochem Molecular Biology”, Vol. 58(3), s. 259–265.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0760(96)00062-3

Buck L.B., 2004, Olfactory Receptors and Odor Coding in Mammals, „Nutrition Review”, Vol. 11(62), s. 184–188.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1301/nr.2004.nov.S184-S188

Buck L.B., Axel R., 1991, A Novel Multigene Family May Encode Odorant Receptors: A Molecular Basis for Odor Recognition, „Cell”, Vol. 65(1), s. 175–187.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(91)90418-X

Carneiro J.P., Carvailo J.C., Carneiro S.P., Eloi I., Silva L., Hummel T., Ribeiro J.C., 2024, The “Sniffin’ Kids‑PT” test: A smell test variant for Portuguese children, „European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases”, Vol. 141(2), s. 69–75, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38238186/ (dostęp: 14.04.2024).
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2023.12.003

Carter C.S., Porges S., 2012, The biochemistry of love: An oxytocin hypothesis, „EMBO Reports”, Vol. 14(91), s. 12–16.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2012.191

Castillo Morales R., 2009, Ustno‑twarzowa terapia regulacyjna, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo „Promyk Słońca”.
Google Scholar

Czerniawska E., Czerniawska‑Far J.M., 2007, Psychologia węchu i pamięci węchowej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne.
Google Scholar

Gellrich J., Stetzler C., Oleszkiewicz A., Hummel T., Schriever V.A., 2017, Olfactory threshold and odor discrimination ability in children‑evaluation of a modified “Sniffin’ Sticks” test „Scientific Reports”, Vol. 7, 1928, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01465-1
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01465-1

Gregory R.L., Colman A., 1995, Czucie i percepcja, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Zysk i S‑ka.
Google Scholar

Hamerlińska A., 2019, Węch i jego zaburzenia przedmiotem badań (również) logopedii, „Logopedia”, t. 48(1), s. 187–201.
Google Scholar

Höppner J.‑P., 2023, Life as a Verb. In Search for the Origin and Nature of Form & Function, Gent: Skribis.
Google Scholar

Hummel T., Nordin S., 2005, Olfactory disorders and their consequences for quality of life, „Acta Otolaryngologica”, Vol. 125(2), s. 116–121.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00016480410022787

Hummel T., Rissom K., Reden J., Hahner A., Weidenbecher M., Huttenbrink K.B., 2009, Effect of Olfactory Training in Patients with Olfactory Loss, „Laryngoscope”, Vol. 119, s. 496–499.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.20101

Kahana‑Zweig R., Geva‑Sagiv M., Weissbrod A., Secundo L., Soroker N., Sobel N., 2016, Measuring and Characterizing the Human Nasal Cycle, „PLoS ONE”, Vol. 11(10), https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0162918 (dostęp: 24.11.2023).
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162918

Kern M., 2012, Mądrość ciała. Czaszkowo‑krzyżowe podejście do istoty zdrowia, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Virgo.
Google Scholar

Lipińska P., Tuz‑Hrycyna N., Rzepakowska A., 2022, Metody oceny i sposoby rehabilitacji węchu po całkowitym usunięciu krtani – przegląd literatury, „Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review”, Vol. 11(1), https://otorhinolaryngologypl.com/resources/html/article/details?id=228405&language=pl&fbclid=IwAR0SSrQXqycbpLDQ1l_YgZrNdvVSBoGaYPv8a6I7ldtzTn1CYOnASkuLU5Y (dostęp: 24.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Marciniak‑Firadza R., 2021, Zmysł węchu – istota, zaburzenia, diagnoza, terapia (Na przykładzie logopedy pracującego z dziećmi), „Logopedia”, t. 50(2), s. 169–183.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/2544-7238.06.10

Mastrangelo A., Bonato M., Cinque P., 2021, Smell and taste disorders in COVID–19: From pathogenesis to clinical features and outcomes, „Neuroscience Letters”, Vol. 23, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7883672/ (dostęp: 14.04.2024).
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135694

Molinier C.L., 2021, L’extraordinaire pouvoir de l’odorat, Paris: De Beck Superieur SA.
Google Scholar

Odowska‑Szlachcic B., 2016, Metoda integracji sensorycznej we wspomaganiu rozwoju mowy u dzieci z uszkodzeniami ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Harmonia.
Google Scholar

Oleszkiewicz A., Schriever V.A., Croy I., Hähner A., Hummel T., 2019, Updated Sniffin’ Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects, „European Archives of Oto‑Rhino‑Laryngology”, Vol. 276(3), s. 719–728, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00405-018-5248-1 (dostęp: 9.04.2024).
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-018-5248-1

Pieniak M., Oleszkiewicz A., Avaro V., Calegari F., 2022, Olfactory training – Thirteen years of research reviewed, „Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews”, Vol. 141, 104853, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763422003426 (dostęp: 10.04.2024).
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104853

Porges S., 2020, Teoria poliwagalna, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
Google Scholar

Racławska E., 2019, Logopedyczne ujęcie oddziaływania aromaterapii na zaburzenia węchu u pacjenta z przerostem błony śluzowej nosa, praca dyplomowa, Wrocław: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu.
Google Scholar

Rapiejko P., 2006, Zmysł węchu, „Alergoprofil”, t. 2, nr 4(7), s. 4–10.
Google Scholar

Rapiejko P., 2009, Zaburzenia zmysłu węchu, Warszawa: Medicaleducation.
Google Scholar

Rapiejko P., Zielnik‑Jurkiewicz B., Wojdas A., Ratajczak J., Jurkiewicz D., 2007, Występowanie narządu lemieszowo‑nosowego u ludzi dorosłych, „Otolaryngologia Polska”, nr 61(4), s. 581–584.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-6657(07)70489-4

Regner A., 2022, Zastosowanie aromaterapii w holistycznym podejściu do pacjenta – porady praktyczne, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo „Continuo”.
Google Scholar

Repetowski M., Kuśmierczyk K., Mazurek A., Michalska J., Olszewski J., 2010, Podstawy anatomii i fizjologii drogi węchowej oraz możliwości topodiagnostyki jej uszkodzeń z użyciem węchowych potencjałów wywołanych, „Aktualności Neurologiczne”, nr 10(2), s. 85–88, https://neurologia.com.pl/artykul.php?a=549 (dostęp 14.04.2024).
Google Scholar

Rządzka M., 2020, Odruchy oralne u noworodków i niemowląt. Diagnoza i stymulacja, Kraków: Oficyna Wydawnicza „Impuls”.
Google Scholar

Schaal B., Marlier L., Soussignan R., 1998, Olfactory function in the human fetus: Evidence from selective odor of amniotic fluid, „Behavioral Neuroscience”, Vol. 112(6), s. 1438–1449, https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-03082-014 (dostęp: 4.11.2023).
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7044.112.6.1438

Schaal B., Marlier L., Soussignan R., 2000, Human fetuses learn odors from the pregnant mother’s diet, „Chemical Senses”, Vol. 25(6), s. 729–737.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/25.6.729

Schäfer L., Sorokowska A., Sauter J., Schmidt A.H., Croy I., 2020, Body odours as a chemosignal in the mother‑child relationship: new insights based on an human leucocyte antigen‑genotyped family cohort, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340816567_Body_odours_as_a_chemosignal_in_the_mother‑child_relationship_new_insights_based_on_an_human_leucocyte_antigen‑genotyped_family_cohort (dostęp: 10.04.2024).
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0266

Sienkiewicz‑Jarosz H., Bieńkowski P., 2012, Neurologiczne aspekty zaburzeń smaku, „Neurologia po Dyplomie”, t. 7, nr 5, s. 61–66.
Google Scholar

Sorokowski P., Karwowski M., Misiak M., Marczak M.K., Dziekan M., Hummel T., Sorokowska A., 2019, Sex Differences in Human Olfaction: A Meta‑Analysis, „Frontiers in Psychology”, Vol. 10, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00242/full (dostęp: 10.04.2024).
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00242

Soussignan R., Schaal B., Marlier L., Jiang T., 1997, Facial and autonomic responses to biological and artificial olfactory stimuli in newborns; reexamining early hedonic odor discrimination, „Physiology and Behavior”, Vol. 62(4), s. 745–758.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(97)00187-X

Published

2024-12-23

How to Cite

Dragun, G., & Racławska, E. (2024). A Proposal for Assessing the Functioning of the Sense of Smell and Olfactory Stimulation in Children as Part of Speech Therapy Treatment for Disorders of Various Etiologies. Logopaedica Lodziensia, (10), 119–142. https://doi.org/10.18778/2544-7238.10.08