Strażniczki hegemonicznej struktury sportu? Postrzeganie sportu kobiet przez polskie dziennikarki sportowe

Autor

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8069.16.1.04

Słowa kluczowe:

sport kobiet, dziennikarstwo sportowe, dziennikarki sportowe

Abstrakt

Niedoreprezentowanie medialnych przekazów o sporcie kobiet jest od lat wskazywanym fenomenem do­tyczącym również Polski. Jako jedną z możliwych przyczyn mniej licznych informacji o sporcie kobiet wskazuje się niekiedy małą liczbę dziennikarek sportowych. W związku z brakiem polskich badań dziennikarek sportowych posta­nowiono przeanalizować ich przekonania na temat sportu kobiet oraz niedoreprezentowania przekazów medialnych o sporcie kobiet w polskich mediach. Badanie wykazało, iż dziennikarki sportowe postrzegają sport kobiet jako gorszy niż sport mężczyzn i nie popierają zwiększenia ilości informacji o sporcie kobiet. Autorka wskazuje na socjalizację do sportu i zawodową badanych, ich mniejszościowy status w zawodzie oraz postrzeganie męskości, kobiecości i profe­sjonalizmu w dziennikarstwie jako możliwe przyczyny postrzegania przez badane sportu kobiet.

Pobrania

Brak dostępnych danych do wyświetlenia.

Biogramy autorów

Natalia Organista - University of Physical Education in Warsaw

Organista Natalia, Ph.D, is working in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Józef Piłsudski
University of Physical Education in Warsaw. Her research has focused on issues of sport and feminism, sports media, sports organizations, and gender inequalities in sport.

Zuzanna Mazur - University of Physical Education in Warsaw

Zuzanna Mazur, Ph.D, is working as an associate professor in the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Physical Culture at the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw. Her research interests include social and gender inequalities, images of sportswomen, and social patterns of participation of women in sport and physical culture.

Bibliografia

Angelini, James R., Paul J. MacAuthur, and Andrew C. Billings. 2012. “What’s the gendered story? Vancouver’s prime time Olympic glory on NBC.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 56:261-279.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2012.678515

Billings, Andrew C. and Brittany D. Young. 2015. “Comparing flagship news programs: Women’s sport coverage in ESPN’s SportsCenter and FOX Sports 1’s FOX Sports Live.” Electronic News 9(1):3-16.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1931243115572824

Bissell, Kimberly L. and Andrea M. Duke. 2007. “Bump, set, spike: An analysis of commentary and camera angles of women’s beach volleyball during the 2004 summer Olympics.” Journal of Promotion Management 13(1-2):35-53.
Google Scholar

Boyle, Raymond.2006. Sports journalism: Context and issues. New York: Sage.
Google Scholar

Bruce, Toni. 2013. “Reflections on communication and sport: On women and femininities.” Communication & Sport 1(1-2):125-137.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479512472883

Bruce, Toni. 2016. “New rules for new times: Sportswomen and media representation in the third wave.” Sex Roles 74(7-8):361-376.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0497-6

de Bruin, Marjan and Karen Ross. 2004. “Beyond the body count.” Pp. vii-xii in Gender and newsroom cultures: Industries at work edited by Marjan de Bruin and Karen Ross. Cresskill, New York: Hampton Press.
Google Scholar

Chambers, Deborah, Linda Steiner, and Fleming Carole (eds.). 2004. Women and journalism. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203500668

Claringbould, Inge, Annelies Knoppers, and Agnes Elling. 2004. “Exclusionary practices in sport journalism.” Sex Roles 51(11-12):709-718.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-004-0720-3

Cohen, Nicole S. 2015. “Cultural Work as a Site of Struggle: Freelancers and Exploitation.” TripleC 10(2):141-155.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v10i2.384

Cooky, Cheryl, Michael A. Messner, and Michaela Musto. 2015. “‘It’s dude time!’: A quarter century of excluding women’s sports in televised news and highlights shows.” Communication & Sport 3:261-287.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479515588761

Crolley, Liz and Elena Teso. 2007. “Gendered narratives in Spain. The Representation of Female Athletes in Marca and El País.” International Review for The Sociology of Sport 42(2):149-166.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690207084749

Creedon, Pamela. 1998. “Women, Sport, and Media Institutions: Issues in Sport Journalism and Marketing.” Pp. 88–99 in MediaSport, edited by Lawrence Wenner. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Dziubiński, Zbigniew, Natalia Organista, and Zuzanna Mazur. 2019. “Still marginalised: Gender inequalities in the largest Polish daily’s sports coverage.” Communications: European Journal of Communication Studies 44(1):33-57.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2017-0047

Eagleman, Andrea. 2015. “Constructing gender differences: newspaper portrayals of male and female gymnasts at the 2012 Olympic Games.” Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics 18:234-247.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.854509

Farrell, Annemarie, Janet S. Fink, and Sarah Fields. 2011. “Women’s sport spectatorship: An exploration of men’s influence.” Journal of Sport Management 25(3):190-201.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.3.190

Ferguson, Marjorie. 1990. “Images of power and the feminist fallacy.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 7:215-230.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15295039009360175

Fink, Janet S. and Linda J. Kensicki. 2002. “An imperceptible difference: Visual and textual constructions of femininity in Sports Illustrated and Sports Illustrated for Women.” Mass Communication & Society 5(3):317-339.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0503_5

Franks, Suzanne and Deirdre O’Neill. 2016. “Women reporting sport: Still a man’s game?” Journalism 17(4):474-492.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884914561573

Godoy-Pressland, Amy. 2014. “‘Nothing to report’: a semi-longitudinal investigation of the print media coverage of sports-women in British Sunday newspapers.” Media, Culture & Society 36(5):595-609.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443714532977

GMMP. 2015a. Poland. Retrieved November 15, 2019 http://cdn.agilitycms.com/who-makes-the-news/Imported/reports_2015/national/Poland.pdf
Google Scholar

GMMP. 2015b. Retrieved November 15, 2019 http://cdn.agilitycms.com/who-makes-the-news/Imported/reports_2015/global/gmmp_global_report_en.pdf
Google Scholar

GMMP. 2015c. Europe. Retrieved November 15, 2019 http://cdn.agilitycms.com/who-makes-the-news/Imported/reports_2015/regional/Europe.pdf
Google Scholar

Grabowska, Magdalena. 2014. “Cultural War or ‘Business as Usual’? Recent Instances, and the Historical Origins, of a ‘Backlash’ against Women’s and Sexual Rights in Poland.” Pp. 54-64 in Anti-Gender Movements on the Rise? Strategising for Gender Equality in Central and Eastern Europe, edited by the Heinrich Böll Foundation. Berlin: Heinrich Böll Foundation.
Google Scholar

Graff, Agnieszka. 2014. “Report from the Gender Trenches: War against ‘Genderism’ in Poland.” European Journal of Women’s Studies 21(4):431-435.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506814546091

Greer, Jennifer D., Marie Hardin, and Casey Homan. 2009. “‘Naturally’ less exciting? Visual production of men’s and women’s track and field coverage during the 2004 Olympics.” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 53:173-189.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150902907595

Hardin, Marie and Stacie Shain. 2005. “Strength in numbers? The experiences and attitudes of women in sports media careers.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 82(4):804-819.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900508200404

Hardin, Marie and Stacie Shain. 2006. “‘Feeling much smaller than you know you are’: The fragmented professional identity of female sports journalists.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 23(4):322-338.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07393180600933147

Horky, Thomas and Jörg-Uwe Nieland. 2011. International Sport Press Survey 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2015 https://www.play-thegame.org/fileadmin/image/PTG2011/Presentation/PTG_Nieland-Horky_ISPS_2011_3.10.2011_final.pdf
Google Scholar

Jakubowska, Honorata. 2013. “Płeć (w) fizjologii sportu.” Kultura Współczesna 3(78):105-117.
Google Scholar

Jakubowska, Honorata. 2014. Gra ciałem. Praktyki i dyskursy różnicowania płci w sporcie [The Game of the Body. The Practices and Discourses of Gender Differentation in Sport]. Warsaw: PWN.
Google Scholar

Jakubowska, Honorata. 2015. “Are women still the ‘other sex’: gender and sport in the Polish mass media.” Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics 18:168-185.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.854464

Korolczuk, Elżbieta and Agnieszka Graff. 2018. “Gender as ‘Ebola from Brussels’: The Anticolonial Frame and the Rise of Illiberal Populism.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 43(4):797-821.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/696691

Kluczyńska, Urszula. 2011. “Konstruowanie relacji między rodzajami w sporcie. Analiza telewizyjnych wiadomości sportowych.” Pp. 383-400 in Kalejdoskop genderowy. W drodze do poznania płci społeczno – kulturowej w Polsce, edited by Krystyna Slany, Beata Kowalska, Magdalena Ślusarczyk. Cracow: Wydawnictwo UJ.
Google Scholar

Knoppers, Annelies and Agnes Elling. 2004. “‘We Do Not Engage in Promotional Journalism’ Discursive Strategies Used by Sport Journalists to Describe the Selection Process.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 39(1):57-73.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690204040523

Lapchick, Richard. 2008. The 2008 racial and gender report card of Associated Press sports editors. Retrieved February 2, 2018 www.tidesport.org/RGRC/2008/2008_APSE_RGRC_Press_ Release.pdf
Google Scholar

Lenartowicz, Michał, Zbigniew Dziubiński, and Krzysztof Jankowski. 2017. „Aktywni Polacy: Dwie dekady uczestnictwa w sporcie i rekreacji ruchowej. Próba wyjaśnienia zmian.” Kultura i Społeczeństwo 2:196-210.
Google Scholar

Nastasia, Diana Iulia and Sorin Nastasia. 2013. “Poland: Women Journalists and ‘The Polish Mother’ Mentality.” Pp. 151-163 in The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Journalism, edited by Carolyn Byerly. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137273246_12

North, Louise. 2009. “Gendered Experiences of Industry Change and the Effects of Neoliberalism.” Journalism Studies 10(4):506-521.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700902783911

North, Louise. 2016. “The Gender of ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ news: Female journalists’ views on gendered story allocations.” Journalism Studies 17(3):356-373.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.987551

O’Neill, Deirdre and Matt Mulready. 2015. “The Invisible Woman? A comparative study of women’s sports coverage in the UK national press before and after the 2012 Olympic Games.” Journalism Practice 9(5):651-668.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2014.965925

Organista, Natalia and Zuzanna Mazur. 2019. “’You either stop reacting or you don’t survive. There’s no other way’: the work experiences of Polish women sports journalists.” Feminist Media Studies:1-18.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2019.1690020

Rowe, David. 2004. Sport, culture and the media. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Google Scholar

Sherry, Emma, Angela Osborne, and Metthew Nicholson. 2016. “Images of sports women: A review.” Sex Roles 74(7-8):299-309.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0493-x

Schmidt, Hans C. 2018. “Forgotten Athletes and Token Reporters: Analyzing the Gender Bias in Sports Journalism.” Atlantic Journal of Communication 26(1):59-74.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2018.1398014

Schoch, Lucie and Fabien Ohl. 2011. “Women sports journalists in Switzerland: Between assignment and negotiation of roles.” Sociology of Sport Journal 28(2):189-208.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.28.2.189

Steiner, Linda. 2012. “Failed theories: Explaining gender difference in journalism.” Review of Communication 12(3):201-223.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15358593.2012.666559

Strong, Cathy and Grant Hannis. 2007. “The Visibility of Female Journalists at Australian and New Zealand Newspapers: the Good News and the Bad News.” Australian Journalism Review 29(1):115-126.
Google Scholar

Szelewa, Dorota. 2014. “The Second Wave of Anti-Feminism? Post-Crisis Maternalist Policies and the Attack on the Concept of Gender in Poland.” Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum 15(2):33-47.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.13060/12130028.2014.15.2.129

Vincent, John et al. 2007. “Analysing the print media coverage of professional tennis players: British newspaper narratives about female competitors in the Wimbledon Championships.” International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing 2:281-300.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2007.012406

Turner, Jacob S. 2014. “A longitudinal content analysis of gender and ethnicity portrayals on ESPN’s SportsCenter from 1999 to 2009.” Communication & Sport 2(4):303-327.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479513496222

Wensing, Emma H. and Toni Bruce. 2003. “Bending the rules: Media representations of gender during an international sporting event.” International review for the sociology of sport 38(4):387- 396.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690203384001

Whiteside, Erin and Marie Hardin. 2011. “Women (not) watching women: Leisure time, television, and implications for televised coverage of women’s sports.” Communication, Culture & Critique 4(2):122-143.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-9137.2011.01098.x

Whiteside, Erin and Marie Hardin. 2015. “The Glass Ceiling and Beyond.” Pp. 146-154 Routledge Handbook of Sport Communication, edited by Paul Pedersen. New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315088556-16

Opublikowane

2020-02-29

Jak cytować

Organista, N. ., & Mazur, Z. (2020). Strażniczki hegemonicznej struktury sportu? Postrzeganie sportu kobiet przez polskie dziennikarki sportowe. Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej, 16(1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8069.16.1.04