Tożsamości biograficzne zakładowych działaczy związkowych a rewitalizacja związków zawodowych w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej

Adam Mrozowicki

doi:10.18778/0208-600X.41.13

Authors

Adam Mrozowicki Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wydział Nauk Społecznych, Instytut Socjologii, Zakład Socjologii Ogólnej

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-600X.41.13

Keywords:

trade union revitalisation, biographical identity, Central and Eastern Europe

Abstract

The research on trade unions in Central and Eastern Europe suggests that their current crisis reflects both the structural transformation of contemporary capitalism and the identity problems of labour organisations which derive from their difficulties to redefine their role after the fall of state socialism. However, the existing studies are dominated by institutionalist approaches and rarely address the question of how and to what extent trade union role is redefined by trade union activists themselves. This article offers new insights into the transformation of trade union identities by exploring the relationship between biographical experiences of company-level trade union activists and their changing trade union commitments in four Central and Eastern European countries, Estonia, Poland, Slovenia and Romania. The empirical analysis is based on 43 biographical narrative interviews with trade union leaders in the automotive and retail sectors carried out in 2010–2011. The research suggests that the reinvention of trade union traditions among long-standing trade union activists and the emergence of new, pragmatic identities among new trade union leaders are two main identity processes which underlie the revitalisation of trade unionism in the countries studied. Simultaneously, the study documents the existence of structural and biographical barriers, which can constrain the further development of trade unions.

References

Alheit P. (1995), „Patchworkers”: Biographical Constructions and Professional Attitudes – Study Motivation of Adult Education Students, [w:] Alheit P., Bron-Wojciechowska A., Brugger E. (red.), The Biographical Approach in European Adult Education, Wien: Verband Wiener Volksbildung.
Google Scholar

Archer M. (2003), Structure, Agency and the Internal Conversation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139087315

Archer M. (2007), Making our Way through the World: Human Reflexivity and Social Mobility, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511618932

Archer M. (2000, 2012), Człowieczeństwo: problem sprawstwa, przeł. A. Dziuban, Kraków: Zakład Wydawniczy „Nomos”.
Google Scholar

Becker H. (1960), Notes on the Concept of Commitment, „American Journal of Sociology”, Vol. 66 (1), 32–40.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/222820

Becker S.H., Carper J. (1956), The Development of Identification with an Occupation, „American Journal of Sociology”, Vol. 61 (4), s. 289–298.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/221759

Behrens M., Hamann K., Hurd R. (2004), Conceptualizing Labour Union Revitalization, [w:] Frege C.M., Kelly J. (red.), Varieties of Unionism. Strategies for Union Revitalization in a Globalizing Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 11–29.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270149.003.0002

Bohle D., Greskovits B. (2007), Neoliberalism, Embedded Neoliberalism, and Neocorporatism: Paths Towards Transnational Capitalism in Central-Eastern Europe, „West European Politics”, Vol. 30 (3), s. 443–466.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380701276287

Bourdieu P. (1986), The Forms of Capital, [w:] Richardson J.G. (red.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, New York: Greenwood Press, s. 241–258.
Google Scholar

Buchowski M. (2006), The Specter of Orientalism in Europe: From Exotic Other to Stigmatized Brother, „Anthropological Quarterly”, Vol. 79 (3), s. 463–482.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/anq.2006.0032

Domecka M., Mrozowicki A. (2008), Robotnicy i ludzie biznesu. Wzory karier zawodowych a zmiana społeczna w Polsce, „Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej”, Vol. 4 (1), s. 136–155.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8069.4.1.06

Dunlop E.T.J. (1958), Industrial Relations Systems, Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP.
Google Scholar

Friedman J.R. (2007), Shock and Subjectivity in the Age of Globalization. Marginalization, Exclusion, and the Problem of Resistance, „Anthropological Theory”, Vol. 7 (4), s. 421–448.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499607083428

Frege M.C., Kelly J. (2003), Union Revitalization Strategies in Comparative Perspective, „Euro„EuroEuropean Journal of Industrial Relations”, Vol. 9 (1), s. 7–24.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/095968010391002

Gardawski J. (red.) (2009), Polacy pracujący a kryzys fordyzmu, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe „Scholar”.
Google Scholar

Giddens A. (2003), Stanowienie społeczeństwa. Zarys teorii strukturacji, przeł. S. Amsterdamski, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Zysk i S-ka.
Google Scholar

Glaser B., Strauss A. (2009), Odkrywanie teorii ugruntowanej, przeł. M. Gorzko, Kraków: Zakład Wydawniczy „Nomos”.
Google Scholar

Goldthorpe J.H., Lockwood D., Bechhofer F., Platt J. (1968), The Affluent Worker: Industrial Attitudes and Behaviour, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar

Hyman R. (1999), Imagined Solidarities: Can Trade Unions Resist Globalization?, [w:] Leisink P. (red.), Globalization and Labour Relations, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, s. 94–115.
Google Scholar

Jackson P.M. (1988), Industrial Relations. A Textbook, London–New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Kalb D. (2009), Conversations with a Polish Populist: Tracing Hidden Histories of Globalisation, Class, and Dispossession in Postsocialism (and Beyond), „American Ethnologist”, Vol. 36 (2), s. 207–233.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2009.01131.x

Kolarska-Bobińska L. (1998), Egalitaryzm i interesy grupowe w procesie zmian ustrojowych, [w:] Adamski W. (red.), Polacy ’95. Aktorzy i klienci transformacji, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo InWarszawa: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Filozofii i Socjologii PAN.
Google Scholar

Kozek W. (2003), Destruktorzy. Tendencyjny obraz związków zawodowych w tygodnikach politycznych w Polsce, [w:] Kozek W. (red.), Instytucjonalizacja stosunków pracy w Polsce, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe „Scholar”, s. 161–185.
Google Scholar

Krzywdziński M. (2010), Organising Employees in Central and Eastern Europe: The Approach of Solidarnosc, „European Journal of Industrial Relations”, Vol. 16 (3), s. 277–292.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680110375137

Levesque Ch., Murray G. (2010), Understanding Union Power: Resources and Capabilities for Renewing Union Capacity, „Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research”, Vol. 16, s. 333–350.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1024258910373867

Mrozowicki A. (2011), Trade Union Organising in Eastern Europe: A Viable Pathway to Trade Union Revitalisation (the Case of the Automotive Sector)?, „EMECON: Journal for Emploment and Economy in Central and Eastern Europe”, Vol. 2 (1), http://www.emecon.eu/currentissue/second/adam-mrozowicki/ (odczyt 28.03.2012).
Google Scholar

Mrozowicki A., Pulignano V., Van Hootegem G. (2010), Worker Agency and Trade Union Renewal: the Case of Poland, „Work Employment and Society”, Vol. 24 (2), s. 221–240.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017010362143

Mrozowicki A., Trawińska M. (2012), Women Activism and Trade Union Revitalisation: The Polish Experience, „Economic and Industrial Democracy” (w druku).
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X12442578

Ost D. (2007), Klęska solidarności. Gniew i polityka w postkomunistycznej Europie, Warszawa: Muza.
Google Scholar

Ost D. (2009), The Consequences of Postcommunism: Trade Unions in Eastern Europe’s Future, „East European Politics and Societies”, Vol. 23 (1), s. 13–33.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325408326791

Pravda A., Ruble B.A. (red.) (1986), Trade Unions in Communist States, Boston: Allen & Unwin.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18339-5_3

Schütze F. (1983), Biographieforschung und Narratives Interview, „Neue Praxis”, Vol. 3, s. 283–293.
Google Scholar

Schütze F. (1984, 2005), Cognitive Figures of Autobiographical Extempore Narration, [w:] Miller R. (red.), Biographical Research Methods, London: Sage, s. 289–338.
Google Scholar

Silver B. (2009), Globalny Proletariat. Ruchy pracownicze i globalizacja po 1870 r., przeł. M. Starnawski, Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy „Książka i Prasa”.
Google Scholar

Strauss A. (1993), Continual Permutations of Action, New York: Aldine.
Google Scholar

Swidler A. (1986), Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies, „American Sociological Review”, Vol. 51 (2), s. 273–286.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2095521

Turner L. (2007), Introduction. An Urban Resurgence of Social Unionism, [w:] Turner L., Cornfield D.B. (red.), Labor in the New Urban Battlegrounds. Local Solidarity in a Global Economy, Ithaca– London: ILR Press, s. 1–18.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501726682-004