Wolność badań i dostęp do wiedzy w badaniach archeologicznych szczątków ludzkich: perspektywa prawna i pozaprawna
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.109.08Słowa kluczowe:
wolność badań naukowych, badania na ludzkich szczątkach, bioarcheologia, regulacje prawne, pozaprawne i multinormatywne, konteksty (de)kolonialne, rdzenne, religijne i polityczneAbstrakt
Dzisiejsza bioarcheologia szczątków ludzkich ma złożone umocowanie normatywne, które pociąga za sobą zgoła paradygmatyczne zmiany w badaniach prowadzonych w tej dyscyplinie nauki. Niniejszy artykuł w pierwszej kolejności przybliża wielorakie pozanaukowe znaczenie szczątków ludzkich i miejsc pochówki i istotę badań bioarcheologicznych. Następnie analizuje pojęcie wolności badań w kontekście międzynarodowych i rodzimych regulacji. Każde państwo odrębnie reguluje badania bioarcheologiczne. W artykule nakreślamy dyplomatyczną ścieżkę umożliwiającą podjęcie badań za granicą. Następnie badamy konteksty (de)kolonialne, rdzenne, religijne i polityczne, w których ważność zyskały także pozaprawne regulacje dotyczące badania ludzkich szczątków. Prowadzi to do pluralizmu normatywnego, którego źródła i zasadność analizujemy i egzemplifikujemy. Pluralizm taki odsłania deficyty pozytywnych regulacji prawnych w najróżniejszych kontekstach badań nad ludzkimi szczątkami. Nasz artykuł ma wesprzeć naukowców w radzeniu sobie z wyzwaniami normatywnymi – prawnymi i pozaprawnymi – gdy przychodzi im podjąć badania na ludzkich szczątkach.
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