Female business angels in Europe: Identifying barriers and opportunities for institutional support

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2082-4440.36.03

Keywords:

venture capital, female entrepreneurship, women business angel, business angels networks, glass ceilings

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to present and assess the context of the investment of business angels in Europe from the perspective of women. Thus, the analysis covers the reasons for lower activity of women among business angels, identifies the main barriers hindering the growth of this informal part of the venture capital market, and then identifies potential opportunities for institutional support of women’s activity among business angels on selected European markets by indicating practical initiatives in this area. The subject of the analysis is European organizations that unite women business angels, and the characteristics of their performance are carried out based on data made available by these institutions.

The number of women investing in the business angel market in Europe is still relatively low, and the vast majority of investors are men. Previous research suggests that there is a positive correlation between the number of women investors and the number of women building and developing their own businesses. As a result, more and more initiatives and organizations supporting and bringing together women investors are emerging in Europe, providing opportunities to engage with women business founders. The growth of this part of the business angel market is relatively high, and every year more and more initiatives and ideas are created to support women in business. Women investors in the business angel market develop their skills, look for new challenges, and are willing to suport other women who want to act as business angels.

References

AAIA, The Austrian Angel Investors Association, https://www.aaia.at
Google Scholar

AEBAN (2020), 2020 report business angels investment in start-ups activity and trends, Spain, AEBAN 2020, https://media.iese.edu/research/pdfs/75033.pdf
Google Scholar

Angel Academe, https://www.angelacademe.com/
Google Scholar

Austrian Angel Investing Association & Austria Wirtschaftsservice (2021), Angel Investing Report 2020, Vienna, https://www.eban.org/aaia-x-aws-present-the-angel-investing-report-2020/
Google Scholar

BAE (2018), The Barriers and Opportunities for Women Angel Investing in Europe, Business Angels Europe 2018, https://www.businessangelseurope.com/wa4e
Google Scholar

BAE, The European Confederation of Angel Investing, https://www.businessangelseurope.com
Google Scholar

BALP, Business Angel Leaders Program, https://businessangelleaders.eu
Google Scholar

BAND, Business Angels Netzwerk Deutschland (BAND), https://www.business-angels.de
Google Scholar

Business Angels Netzwerk Deutschland, https://www.business-angels.de/woman-entrepreneurs-parcours21-mehr-sichtbarkeit-fuer-female-start-ups/
Google Scholar

Cecelak J. (2017), Rola aniołów biznesu w finansowaniu przedsiębiorstw we wczesnych fazach rozwoju, [in:] Zeszyty naukowe PWSZ w Płocku, Nauki Ekonomiczne, PWSZ w Płocku, Płock.
Google Scholar

Cegielska E. (2020), Limitations on the activity of business angels in financing startups, SGH, Warszawa. https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.3.23
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.3.23

Czech Business Angel Association, https://www.cbaa.cz/en/
Google Scholar

DEPO Ventures (2020), Business Angels in The Czech Republic Survey 2020, Prague, https://www.eban.org/czech-republic-angel-investors-survey-2020/
Google Scholar

EBAN (2021), Statistics Compendium European Early Stage Market Statistics 2020, European Business Angels Network 2021, Brussels, https://www.eban.org/statistics-compendium-2021-european-early-stage-market-statistics-2/
Google Scholar

EBAN, The European Business Angels Network, https://www.eban.org
Google Scholar

European Commission (2018), Report on equality between women and men in the EU 2018, Luxembourg.
Google Scholar

Ewens M., Townsend R.R. (2020), Are early stage investors biased against women? “Journal of Financial Economics”, 135(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.07.002
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.07.002

FA (2021), France Angels, https://www.franceangels.org
Google Scholar

FBA, French Femmes Business Angels, https://www.femmesbusinessangels.org
Google Scholar

Femmes Business Angels, https://www.femmesbusinessangels.org/en/
Google Scholar

Femtech & IP (2018), ClearViewIP, United Kingdom, https://www.clearviewip.com/reports/femtech-ip-infographic/
Google Scholar

French Federation of Business Angels (2020), Investissements des business angels 2019, France, p. 5, https://www.franceangels.org/chiffres-cles/
Google Scholar

French Federation of Business Angels (2021), Annual Investment Report 2020, France, https://www.businessangelseurope.com/post/france-angels-despite-covid-49m-invested-in-2020
Google Scholar

Gemzik-Salwach A., Perz P. (2019), Startups financing in Poland, “Humanities and Social Sciences” 24(26), Rzeszów. https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2019.hss.24
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2019.hss.24

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2020/2021, Global Report, https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/50691
Google Scholar

Gompers P.A., Wang S.Q. (2017), Diversity in innovation (No. w23082). National Bureau of Economic Research, https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w23082/w23082.pdf https://doi.org/10.3386/w23082
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w23082

Grant Thornton (2021), Women in Business 2021. A window of opportunity, Canada. https://media.iese.edu/research/pdfs/75033.pdf (accessed: 7.04.2021).
Google Scholar

https://siecprzedsiebiorczychkobiet.pl
Google Scholar

https://www.grantthornton.ca
Google Scholar

https://www.scottish-enterprise-mediacentre.com/
Google Scholar

IBAN (2020), Il mercato dell’angel investing in Italia: I risultati della survey annuale 2019, IBAN 2020, http://www.iban.it/it/3594 (accessed: 15.04.2021).
Google Scholar

Imadoğlu T., Kurşuncu S.R., Çavuş F.M. (2020), The effect of glass ceiling syndrome on women’s career barriers in management and job motivation, “Holistica Journal of Business and Public Administration”, vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2020-0021
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2020-0021

IWA, Investing Women Angels, https://www.investingwomen.co.uk
Google Scholar

Lipińska A. (2016), Wpływ sieci aniołów biznesu na rozwój innowacyjnych przedsiębiorstw w gospodarce opartej na wiedzy, [in:] Uwarunkowania jakości usług w społeczeństwie sieciowym, Uniwersytet M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin.
Google Scholar

NFBAN, The Nordic Female Business Angels Network, https://www.nfban.org
Google Scholar

Panfil M. (2005), Fundusze Private Equity. Wpływ na wartość spółki, Difin, Warszawa.
Google Scholar

Piekunko-Mantiuk I. (2014), Aniołowie biznesu i ich rola w finansowaniu startupów, „Ekonomia i Zarządzanie”, nr 4, Politechnika Białostocka, Białystok.
Google Scholar

Powell G.N., Butterfield D.A. (2015), The glass ceiling: what have we learned 20 years on?, “Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance”, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-09-2015-0032
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-09-2015-0032

Różycka M. (2019), Czy istnieje „kobiece oblicze sukcesu” w biznesie, „Zeszyty Naukowe ZPSB Firma i Rynek”, Zachodniopomorska Szkoła Biznesu, Szczecin.
Google Scholar

Schmidt D. (2014), Entrepreneur’s choice between Venture Capitalist and Business Angel for Start-Up Financing, Anchor Academic Publishing, Hamburg.
Google Scholar

Sobczak A. (2018), The Queen Bee Syndrome. The paradox of women discrimination on the labour market, “Journal of Gender and Power”, 9(1), Uniwersytet A. Mickiewicza, Poznań.
Google Scholar

Sohl E.J., Hill L. (2007), Women Business Angels: Insights from Angel Groups, University of New Hampshire, USA. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691060701324536
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691060701324536

Startup Lithuania, https://www.startuplithuania.com/
Google Scholar

Świadek A., Gorączkowska J. (2020), The institutional support for an innovation cooperation in industry: the case of Poland.Equilibrium, “Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy”, 15(4): 811–831. https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2020.035
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2020.035

Tamowicz P. (2007), Business angels Pomocna dłoń kapitału, Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości, Gdańsk.
Google Scholar

Turkowska-Kucharska W. (2015), Czynniki warunkujące znaczenie kobiet menedżerów w zarządzaniu organizacją, [in:] W. Harasim (red.), Zarządzanie wartościami niematerialnymi w erze gospodarki cyfrowej, Wyższa Szkoła Promocji, Mediów i Show Businessu, Warszawa.
Google Scholar

UKBAA & British Business Bank (2020), The UK Business Angel Market 2020, Sheffield, https://www.businessangelseurope.com/post/latest-uk-business-angel-market-report-launched-with-ukbaa
Google Scholar

VC Black Swan, https://blackswanfund.pl
Google Scholar

WA4STEAM, The Women Angels for STEAM, https://wa4steam.com
Google Scholar

Wawryszuk-Misztal A. (2021), Finansowe czynniki i konsekwencje różnicowania składu osobowego zarządów i rad nadzorczych polskich spółek publicznych, Uniwersytet M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin.
Google Scholar

WBA, Women Business Angels, https://www.wbusinessangels.com
Google Scholar

WBAY, Women Business Angels Year 2020/21, https://wbay2021.de
Google Scholar

Xie Z., Wang X., Xie L., Dun S., Li J. (2021). Institutional context and female entrepreneurship: A country-based comparison using FSQCA, “Journal of Business Research”, 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.045
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.045

Zinecker M., Skalicka M., Balcerzak A.P., Pietrzak M.B. (2021). Identifying the impact of external environment on business angel activity, “Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja”, pp. 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2021.1888140
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1888140

Downloads

Published

2021-12-30

How to Cite

Witecka, O., & Sosnowski, T. (2021). Female business angels in Europe: Identifying barriers and opportunities for institutional support. Ekonomia Międzynarodowa (International Economics), (36), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.18778/2082-4440.36.03

Issue

Section

Articles