Pułapki przekładu, czyli o różnicy między skromnością i małodusznością w pismach Arystotelesa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-0319.27.05Słowa kluczowe:
etyka Arystotelesa, mikropsychia, skromność, małodusznośćAbstrakt
The article raises the issue of the proper understanding of the concept of mikropsychia in Aristotle’s works. In modern Polish translations, the term is translated as “small-mindedness” or “exaggerated modesty”; according to one of the translators, it is the equivalent of Christian “humility”.
In the first part of the article, it is shown that in the writings of Aristotle and his contemporary authors, mikropsychia is a serious moral vice, the source of which is self-ignorance and the resulting low self-esteem. It is often associated with cowardice, envy, greed and selfishness. Understood in this way, this character trait has nothing to do with modesty, which we consider a virtue. The second part of the article discusses various ways of understanding modesty and its place in Aristotle’s ethics. The interrelationship between modesty, pride, moderation and proper self-esteem is also shown.
Bibliografia
Aristoteles. (1960). Opera. Vol. I-II. I. Bekker, O. Gigon (eds.). Berlin: De Gruyter.
Google Scholar
Aristotle. (1925). The Nicomachean Ethics. Transl. W.D. Ross. London: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Arystoteles. (1990). O świecie. Przeł. A. Paciorek. W: Arystoteles. Dzieła wszystkie. Tom 2. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. 555–600.
Google Scholar
Arystoteles. (1993). Fizjognomika. Przeł. L. Regner. W: Arystoteles. Dzieła wszystkie. Tom 4. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. 313–333.
Google Scholar
Arystoteles. (1993). Zagadnienia przyrodnicze. Przeł. L. Regner. W: Arystoteles. Dzieła wszystkie. Tom 4. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. 475–731.
Google Scholar
Arystoteles. (1996). Etyka eudemejska. Przeł. W. Wróblewski. W: Arystoteles. Dzieła wszystkie. Tom 5. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. 385–493.
Google Scholar
Arystoteles. (1996). Etyka nikomachejska. Przeł. D. Gromska. W: Arystoteles. Dzieła wszystkie. Tom 5. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. 7–300.
Google Scholar
Arystoteles. (1996). Etyka wielka. Przeł. W. Wróblewski. W: Arystoteles. Dzieła wszystkie. Tom 5. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. 301–383.
Google Scholar
Arystoteles. (1996). O cnotach i wadach. Przeł. L. Regner. W: Arystoteles. Dzieła wszystkie. Tom 5. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. 495–505.
Google Scholar
Arystoteles. (2001). Polityka. Przeł. L. Piotrowicz. W: Arystoteles. Dzieła wszystkie. Tom 6. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. 23–226.
Google Scholar
Arystoteles. (2001). Retoryka. Przeł. H. Podbielski. W: Arystoteles. Dzieła wszystkie. Tom 6. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. 265–478.
Google Scholar
Aspasius. (1889). In ethica Nicomachea quae supersunt commentaria. G. Heylbut (ed.). In: Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca 19.1. Berlin: Reimer. 1–186.
Google Scholar
Demostenes. (2005). Wybór mów. Przeł. R. Turasiewicz. Wrocław: Ossolineum.
Google Scholar
Demosthenes. (1926). Orations. Vol. II: Orations 18–19: De Corona, De Falsa Legatione. J. Henderson (ed.). Trans. C.A. Vince, J.H. Vince. Loeb Classical Library 155. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Isocrates. (1928). To Demonicus. To Nicocles. Nicocles or the Cyprians. Panegyricus. To Philip. Archidamus. J. Henderson (ed.). Trans. G. Norlin. Loeb Classical Library 209. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Isocrates. (1945). Evagoras. Helen. Busiris. Plataicus. Concerning the Team of Horses. Trapeziticus. Against Callimachus. Aegineticus. Against Lochites. Against Euthynus. Letters. J. Henderson (ed.). Trans. La Rue Van Hook. Loeb Classical Library 373. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Plato. (2013). Republic, Volume II: Books 6–10. Ch. Emlyn-Jones, W. Preddy (eds. and trans.). Loeb Classical Library 276. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Plato. (2017). Euthyphro. Apology. Crito. Phaedo. Ch. Emlyn-Jones, W. Preddy (eds. and trans.). Loeb Classical Library 36. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Plato. (2022). Lysis. Symposium. Phaedrus. Ch. Emlyn-Jones, W. Preddy (eds. and trans.). Loeb Classical Library 166. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Barringer, J.B. (2021). Jesus Is Not Just my Homeboy: A Friendship Christology. Journal of Moral Theology 10/1. 158–175.
Google Scholar
Crisp, R. (2006). Aristotle on Greatness of Soul. In: R. Kraut (ed.). The Blackwell Guide to Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 158–178.
Google Scholar
Curzer, H.J. (1991). Aristotle’s much maligned megalopsychos. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 69/2. 131–151.
Google Scholar
Driver, J. (2004). Uneasy Virtue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Gauthier, R.A. (1951). Magnanimité: l’idéal de la grandeur dans la philosophie païenne et dnas la théologie chrétienne. Paris: Libraire philosophique J. Vrin.
Google Scholar
Gauthier, R.A., Jolif., J.Y. (1970). L’ Éthique à Nicomaque. Introduction, traduction et commmentaire. Vol. 2: Commentaire. Louvain: Publications Universitaires.
Google Scholar
Gill, Ch. (2019). Stoic Magnanimity. In: S. Vasalou (ed.). The Measure of Greatness. Philosophers on Magnanimity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 49–71.
Google Scholar
Hanley, R.P. (2002). Aristotle on the Greatness of Greatness of Soul. History of Political Thought 23/1. 1–20.
Google Scholar
Herdt, J.A. (2019). Strengthening Hope for the Greatest Things: Aquinas’s Redemption of Magnanimity. In: S. Vasalou (ed.). The Measure of Greatness. Philosophers on Magnanimity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 72–87.
Google Scholar
Hole, B. (2008). Greatness of Soul and Virtues of Ignorance. Lewis & Clark College, Portland. Philosophy Department Honors Theses. https://college.lclark.edu/live/files/13697-benjamin-ho (4.04.2024).
Google Scholar
Irwin, T. (2005). Do Virtues Conflict? Aquinas’s Answer. In: S.M. Gardiner (ed.). Virtue Ethics, Old and New. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 60–77.
Google Scholar
Irwin, T. (2019). Magnanimity as Generosity. In: S. Vasalou (ed.). The Measure of Greatness. Philosophers on Magnanimity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 21–48.
Google Scholar
Kristjánsson, K. (2019). 21st Century Magnanimity: The Relevance of Aristotle’s Ideal of Megalopsychia for Current Debates in Moral Psychology, Moral Education and Moral Philosophy. In: S. Vasalou (ed.). The Measure of Greatness. Philosophers on Magnanimity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 266–291.
Google Scholar
Marenbon, J. (2019). Magnanimity, Christian Ethics, and Paganism in the Latin Middle Ages. In: S. Vasalou (ed.). The Measure of Greatness. Philosophers on Magnanimity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 88–116.
Google Scholar
Osborne, K.P. (1979). Aristotle’s Conception of Megalopsychia. CUNY Academic Works. https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2202 (04.04.2024).
Google Scholar
Ridge, M. (2000). Modesty as a Virtue. American Philosophical Quarterly 37/3. 269–283.
Google Scholar
Russell, D. (2005). Aristotle on the Moral Relevance of Self-Respect. In: S.M. Gardiner (ed.). Virtue Ethics, Old and New. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 101–121.
Google Scholar
Schueler, G.F. (1999). Why IS Modesty a Virtue? Ethics 109/4. 835–841.
Google Scholar
Słownik Języka Polskiego PWN, s.v. małoduszność. https://sjp.pwn.pl/szukaj/ma%C5%82oduszno%C5%9B%C4%87.html (30.03.2024).
Google Scholar
Smith, N.D. (2008). Modesty: A Contextual Account. Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 82/2. 23–45.
Google Scholar
Sowa, J. (2009). Między erosem i arete. Przyjaźń w etyce Platona i Arystotelesa. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
Google Scholar
Sowa, J. (2012). Kłopoty z „wielkodusznością”, czyli dlaczego nadmierna skromność jest gorsza od dumy? Sprawozdania z czynności i posiedzeń naukowych ŁTN 66. 259–268.
Google Scholar
Statman, D. (1992). Modesty, Pride and Realistic Self-Assessment. The Philosophical Quarterly 42(169). 420–438.
Google Scholar
Stern-Gillet, S. (2014). Souls Great and Small: Aristotle on Self-Knowledge, Friendship, and Civic Engagement. In: S. Stern-Gillet, G.M. Gurtler (eds.). Ancient and Medieval Concepts of Friendship. New York: State University of New York Press. 51–83.
Google Scholar
Stump, E. (2022). Humility, Courage, Magnanimity: a Thomistic Account. Scientia et Fides 10/2. 23–29.
Google Scholar
Szymborska, W. (2023). Wiersze wszystkie. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak.
Google Scholar
Vasalou, S. (ed.). (2019). The Measure of Greatness. Philosophers on Magnanimity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Ward, A. (2013). https://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2013/Ward-Ann.pdf (04.04.2024).
Google Scholar
Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego, s.v. małoduszność. https://wsjp.pl/haslo/podglad/101133/malodusznosc (30.03.2024).
Google Scholar
Opublikowane
Wersje
- 2025-01-02 - (2)
- 2024-10-30 - (1)
Jak cytować
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
