Comparison Of Women’s Situation In The Labour Market In The Former GDR And Poland

Dorota Witkowska

doi:10.1515/cer-2016-0017

Autor

Dorota Witkowska University of Lodz, Faculty of Management

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1515/cer-2016-0017

Słowa kluczowe:

rynek pracy, transformacja gospodarki, nierówności implikowane płcią

Abstrakt

Minęło 25 lat od upadku muru berlińskiego i rozpoczęcia transformacji w krajach byłego bloku wschodniego. Celem analiz jest zbadanie jak zmieniła się sytuacja kobiet w byłej Niemieckiej Republice Demokratycznej i w Polsce, które to kraje zmieniały gospodarkę na rynkową według zupełnie innych schematów.
W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że sytuacja kobiet w obu krajach uległa zmianie. Jednakże o ile kobiety we wschodnich landach niemieckich, po znacznym spadku ich udziału w rynku pracy na początku transformacji, wykazują większą aktywność zawodową niż kobiety w pozostałych landach, to kobiety w Polsce są w dalszym ciągu znacznie mniej aktywne niż obserwowano to w okresie funkcjonowania gospodarki centralnie planowanej.

Pobrania

Brak dostępnych danych do wyświetlenia.

Bibliografia

Adamchik V. A. Bedi A. S. (2003), Gender Pay Differentials During the Transition in Poland, ‘Economics of Transition’, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford – Malden, Vol. 11 (4).
Google Scholar

Bennhold K. (2010), 20 Years After Fall of Wall, Women of Former East Germany Thrive, ‘The New York Times - International Herald Tribune: Global Edition Europe The Female Factor’ New York, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/06/world/europe/06iht-letter.html?pagewanted=all.
Google Scholar

Bialecki I., Heyns, B. (1993), Educational Attainment, the Status of Women, and Private School Management in Poland, [in:] Moghadam V.M. (ed.) Democratic Reform and the Position of Women in Transitional Economies, Clareudon Press, Oxford.
Google Scholar

Boeri T., Terrel K. (2002), Institutional Determinants of Labour Reallocation in Transition, ‘Journal of Economic Perspectives’, American Economic Association, Pittsburgh, Vol. 16(1).
Google Scholar

Bonin H., Euwals R. (2002), Participation Behavior of East German Women after German Unification, ‘IZA Discussion Papers’, Institute for the Study of Labour (IZA), Bonn, No. 413.
Google Scholar

Bonin H., Zimmermann K. F. (2000), The Post-Unification German Labour Market, ‘IZA Discussion Papers’, Institute for the Study of Labour (IZA), Bonn, No.185.
Google Scholar

Botsch E., Maier F. (2009), Gender Mainstreaming in Employment Policies in Germany, Discussion paper, Harriet Taylor Mill-Institut für Ökonomie und Geschlechterforschung, Berlin, No. 08.
Google Scholar

Brainerd, E. (2000), Women in Transition: Changes in Gender Wage Differentials in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union, ‘Industrial and Labour Relations Review’, Cornell University, School of Industrial & Labour Relations, Ithaca, Vol. 54(1), http://www.jstor.org/stable/2696036.
Google Scholar

Cukrowska E. (2011), Investigating the motherhood penalty in a post-communist economy: Evidence from Poland, Central European University (CEU), Budapest.
Google Scholar

Germany replaces Japan as country with world’s lower birth rate (2015), ‘Independent’ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/germanys-birth-rate-lowest-in-the-world-according-to-study-10286525.html
Google Scholar

Grajek M. (2001), Gender Pay Gap in Poland, Wissenschaftszentrum, Berlin, Discussion Paper FS IV 01-13.
Google Scholar

Hunt J. (2002), The Transition in East Germany: When is a Ten Point Fall in the Gender Pay Gap Bad News?, ‘Journal of Labour Economics’, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Vol. 20(1).
Google Scholar

Interview with Former German Finance Minister: “Germans will have to pay” (2011), ‘Spiegel Online International’, http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/interview-with-former-german-finance-minister-germans-will-have-to-pay-a-785704-3.html. (Retrieved on July, 12, 2015).
Google Scholar

Jurajda S. (2005), Gender Segregation and Wage Gap: An East-West Comparison, ‘Journal of European Economic Association’, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford – Malden, Vol. 3.
Google Scholar

Keane M. P., Prasad E. S., (2006), Changes in the structure of earnings during the Polish transition, ‘Journal of Development Economics’, Elsevier, Vol. 80.
Google Scholar

Klasen S., (1994), Human Development and Women’s Lives in a Restructured Eastern Block: Lessons from the Developing World [in:] Schipke A., Taylor A. M., The Economics of Transition, Springer–Verlag, Berlin–Heidelberg.
Google Scholar

Krueger A. B., Pischke J. S. (1995), A Comparative Analysis of East and West German Labour Markets: Before and After Unification [in:] Freeman R. B., Katz L. F. (eds.), Differences and Changes in Wage Structures, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Google Scholar

Maier F. (2007), The Persistence of the Gender Wage Gap in Germany, Discussion paper Harriet Taylor Mill-Institut für Ökonomie und Geschlechterforschung, Berlin, No. 01.
Google Scholar

Merkl Ch., Snower D. (2008), East German Unemployment: the Myth of the Irrelevant Labour Market, working paper, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel.
Google Scholar

Newell, A., Reilly B. (2001), The Gender Pay Gap in the Transition from Communism: Some Empirical Evidence, ‘Economic Systems’, Elsevier, Vol. 25.
Google Scholar

Newell A., Socha M. W. (2007), The Polish wage inequality explosion, ‘IZA Discussion Papers’, Institute for the Study of Labour (IZA), Bonn, No. 2644
Google Scholar

Pailhé A. (2000), Gender Discrimination in Central Europe during the systemic transition, ‘Economics of Transition’, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford–Malden, Vol. 8.
Google Scholar

Popova D. (2002), The impact of the Gender Composition of Households on Inequality and Poverty: A Comparison across Russia and Eastern Europe, ‘Communist and Post-Communist Studies’, Elsevier, Vol. 35.
Google Scholar

Roland G. (2001), Ten Years After Transition and Economics, ‘IMF Staff Papers’, Vol. 48, Special Issue, International Monetary Fund, Washington D. C.
Google Scholar

Rueschemeyer M. (1993), Women in East Germany: From Socialism to Capitalist Welfare State, [in:] Moghadam V.M. (ed.) Democratic Reform and the Position of Women in Transitional Economies, Clareudon Press, Oxford.
Google Scholar

Rutkowski J. (2003), Rapid Labour Reallocation with a Stagnant Unemployment Pool: The Puzzle of the Labour Market in Lithuania, World Bank Group, Washington D. C., World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2946, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2003/03/07/000094946_03012304282754/additional/103503322_20041117164006.pdf.
Google Scholar

Shoemaker S. (1996), My second life – East German women in a changed world. http://www.coastlinevideo.com/Documentaries/MSL.html.
Google Scholar

Simón H., (2007), The Gender Pay Gap in Europe: An International Comparison with Matched Employer-Employee Data, Alicante, Spain: Universidad de Alicante, Alicante.
Google Scholar

Svejnar J. (2002), Transition Economies: Performance and Challenges, ‘Journal of Economic Perspectives’, American Economic Association, Pittsburgh, Vol. 16(1).
Google Scholar

Witkowska D. (2012), Wage Disparities in Poland: Econometric Models of Wages, ‘Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych’, Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego (SGGW), Warszawa, Vol. 13(2).
Google Scholar

Witkowska D. (2013), Zmiana sytuacji kobiet w Polsce w okresie transformacji, [in:] Sawicka J. (ed.), Rynek pracy na obszarach wiejskich Mazowsza – perspektywa gender, Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego (SGGW), Warszawa.
Google Scholar

Yearbook of Labour Statistics 2010 (2011), Central Statistical Office, Warszawa.
Google Scholar

http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do?dvsc=0
Google Scholar

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
Google Scholar

http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do?dvsc=0
Google Scholar

http://www.digizeitschriften.de/dms/toc/?PPN=PPN514402644.
Google Scholar

http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/p_population_size_structure_31_12_2010.pdf
Google Scholar

http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/germany-population/
Google Scholar