The meaning of the concept of economic substance in the tax systems of Canada and Australia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1509-877X.2018.02.04Keywords:
tax avoidance, economic substance, general anti-avoidance clauseAbstract
The article concentrates upon the issue of economic substance and its meaning for the ta Xsystem. In particular the aim of the article is to determine how the concept of economic substance is used in the tax systems of Canada and Australia. None of the abovementioned countries has adopted the judicial anti-avoidance doctrines so characteristic in particular for the United States.
However both in Canada and in Australia the element of real economic substance of the taxpayers’ activities is considered indirectly, as part of the general anti-avoidance regulations.
Downloads
References
Alarie B., Duff D.G., The legacy of UK tax concepts in Canadian income tax law, „British Tax Review” 2008, no. 3.
Google Scholar
Arnold B.J., Li J., Justice Bowman on Substance over Form, „Canadian Tax Journal” 2010, vol. 58.
Google Scholar
Australian Government. The Board of Taxation. Review of the debt and equity tax rules. Discussion Paper, marzec 2014, http://taxboard.gov.au/files/2015/07/Debt_Equity_Discussion_Paper.pdf (dostęp: 28.01.2018).
Google Scholar
Azzi J., Spotless: A Lesson in Form and Substance but not in Substance over Form, „Revenue Law Journal” 1998, vol. 8.
Google Scholar
Brzeziński B., Anglosaskie doktryny orzecznicze dotyczące unikania opodatkowania, Toruń 1996.
Google Scholar
Cassidy J., Peabody v FCT and Part IVA, „Revenue Law Journal” 1995, vol. 5.
Google Scholar
Cassidy J., „To GAAR or Not to GAAR – That is the Question”: Canadian and Australian Attempts to Combat Tax Avoidance, „Ottawa Law Review” 2005, vol. 36, no. 2.
Google Scholar
D’Ascenzo M., Part IVA: Post Spotless, „Journal of Australian Taxation”, lipiec/sierpień 1998.
Google Scholar
Duff D.G., The Supreme Court of Canada and the General Anti-Avoidance Rule: Canada Trustco and Mathew, „Bulletin for International Taxation” 2006, vol. 60, no. 54.
Google Scholar
Duggan A., Ziegel J.S., Girgis J., 449 – Shell Canada Limited: A New Taste of the Economic Substance over Form, „Canadian Business Law Journal” 1998, vol. 30.
Google Scholar
Freedman J., Converging Tracks? Recent Developments in Canadian and UK Approaches to Tax Avoidance, „Canadian Tax Journal” 2005, vol. 53, no. 4.
Google Scholar
Kujinga B., The UK general anti abuse rule: Lessons for Australia?, „eJournal of Tax Research” 2016, vol. 14, no. 3.
Google Scholar
Li J., „Economic Substance”: Drawing the line between legitimate tax minimization and abusive tax avoidance, „Canadian Tax Journal” 2006, vol. 54, no. 1.
Google Scholar
Olesińska A., Klauzula ogólna przeciwko unikaniu opodatkowania, Toruń 2013.
Google Scholar
Philipps L., The Supreme Court of Canada’s Tax Jurisprudence: What’s wrong with the rule of law, „Canadian Bar Review” 2000, vol. 79.
Google Scholar
Toryanik T., The Concept of Substance in International Taxation. Australia, „International Transfer Pricing Journal”, listopad–grudzień 2014.
Google Scholar
Tretola J., Comparing the New Zealand and Australian GAAR, „Revenue Law Journal” 2017, vol. 25, no. 1.
Google Scholar
Wilkie S.J., Canada: Substance in International Taxation, „International Transfer Pricing Journal”, wrzesień–październik 2014.
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
PlumX metrics
