The activities of the “Torgsin” system in Ukraine in the years of 1931–1935

Viktoriia Tanasiuk

doi:10.18778/1644-857X.19.02.06

Autor

Viktoriia Tanasiuk Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Department of History of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2838-5972

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1644-857X.19.02.06

Słowa kluczowe:

ZSRR, Ukraińska SRR, Wszechukraińska agencja, sieć handlowa

Abstrakt

W artykule przeprowadzono analizę działalności Wszechzwiązkowego Stowarzyszenia „Torgsin” na Ukrainie w latach 1931–1935. Jego utworzenie było to spowodowane tym, że państwo radzieckie musiało zmobilizować ogromne środki na realizację programu industrializacji i w związku z tym poszukiwało dodatkowych źródeł dochodu. Władze radzieckie opracowały skomplikowany system ich pozyskania. Państwowa polityka skupu zboża doprowadziła do wielkiego głodu na Ukrainie. Utworzenie systemu „Torgsin” było przejawem rzekomej troski władz sowieckich o głodującą ludność. Sieć handlowa „Torgsin” została utworzona w czasie wielkiego głodu, na początku lat trzydziestych XX w. Zorganizowanie sieci sklepów „Torgsin” na terytorium Ukrainy wzmocniło strukturę organizacyjną Stowarzyszenia dzięki pozyskiwaniu wysokiej jakości artykułów spożywczych i przemysłowych. W sklepach sieci realizowano politykę „eksportu wewnętrznego”, sprzedając towary za złoto oraz dewizy. Nabywcami sprzedawanych tam towarów mogli być cudzoziemcy oraz obywatele radzieccy. Umożliwiło to państwu sowieckiemu pozyskanie niemal za bezcen złota, dewiz, pamiątek rodzinnych i antyków od głodującej ludności Ukrainy w zamian za żywność sprzedawaną w sklepach sieci „Torgsin”.

Pobrania

Brak dostępnych danych do wyświetlenia.

Bibliografia

Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine [CSAPAU] Draft Decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Bolshevik), statements of the Department of Agitation and Mass Campaigns of the Central Committee of the Party, the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade in the USSR , the All-Ukrainian Office of Torgsin about the activities of Torgsin to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Bolshevik), repository 1, specification 20, file 5444, sheets 7, 8.
Google Scholar

Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine [CSAPAU] Draft Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Bolshevik), the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade in the USSR , the All-Ukrainian Office “Torgsin” about the activities of Torgsin to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Bolshevik), repository 1, specification 20, file 5444, sheet 11.
Google Scholar

Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine [CSAPAU] Minutes No. 94 of the meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Bolshevik) as of December 15, 1932. Minutes No. 92–97 of the meetings the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Bolshevik), repository 1, specification 6, file 238, sheets 153, 154.
Google Scholar

Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine [CSASBPGU] Minutes of operational meetings of executives, repository 4051, specification1, file 51, sheet 197.
Google Scholar

Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine [CSASBPGU] Minutes of the meeting of the committee on personal grooming of employees in Kharkiv Torgsin and materials to the minutes as of April 1932, repository 4051, specification 1, file 3, sheets 10, 27.
Google Scholar

Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine [CSASBPGU] Regulations and circulars of the All-Union Association “Torszin” in 1935, repository 4051, specification 1, file 135, sheets 44, 68, 101, 254,
Google Scholar

Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine [CSASBPGU] Reports on the activity of Torgsin in Ukraine in 1932 and observations on the act of inspection, repository 4051, specification 1, file 168, sheets 3, 173.
Google Scholar

Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine [CSASBPGU] Summaries on the location of the trading network, repository 4051, specification 1, file 24, sheet 79.
Google Scholar

Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine [CSASBPGU] The instruction on payment of foreign checks and transfers, repository 4051, specification 1, file 2, sheet 89.
Google Scholar

Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine [CSASBPGU] The records on personal grooming of Torgsin employees: conclusions and suggestions, repository 539, specification 17, file 365, sheet 4.
Google Scholar

State Archive of Odesa Region [SAOR] Circulars of the All-Union Association, treaties on the collection of valuables, correspondence with specialized staff, repository 1241, specification 1, file 18, sheet 121.
Google Scholar

Circulars of the All-Union Association, treaties on the collection of valuables,
Google Scholar

State Archive of Odesa Region [SAOR] Circulars of the All-Union Association, treaties on the collection of valuables, correspondence with specialized staff, repository 1241, specification 1, file 19, sheet 2.
Google Scholar

State Archive of Odesa Region [SAOR] Correspondence with the All-Union Union and All-Ukrainian Office “Torgsin” and other organizations on the movement of export and import cargoes, repository 1241, specification 1, file 2, sheet 196.
Google Scholar

State Archive of Odesa Region [SAOR] Correspondence with the regional office and subordinate organizations on liquidation issues, repository 1241, specification 1, file 145, sheet 244.
Google Scholar

Arkhiiereiskyi D.V., Developing foreign trade in Soviet Russia and Ukraine during the days of “war communism”, “The History of Trade, Taxes and Duties” 2016, No. 1–2 (13–14), pp. 203–219.
Google Scholar

Horin N., Industrial changes in the Soviet era: sources and forms of resource mobilization, “Bulletin of Chernivtsi Trade and Economic University. Economic Sciences”, No. 3, pp. 323–329.
Google Scholar

Marochko V., The activities of the Torgsin system in Kyiv, “The Problems of Ukrainian History: Facts, Perceptions, Searches” 2008, No. 18, pp. 163–174.
Google Scholar

Marochko V.І., Torgsin: the golden price of Ukrainian peasants’ lives during the famine years (1932–1933), “Ukrainian Historical Journal” 2003, No. 3, pp. 90–103.
Google Scholar

Osokina Е., Behind the facade of Stalin’s abundance: the distribution and the market in supplying the population during the years of industrialization (1927–1941), Moscow 1999.
Google Scholar

Osokina Е., Soviet gold rush, “Motherland” 2007, No. 9, pp. 111–117.
Google Scholar

Osokina Е.А., Behind Torgsin’s mirror door, “National History” 1995, No. 2, pp. 86–104.
Google Scholar

Osokina Е.А., The gold for industrialization: “Torgsin”, Moscow 2009.
Google Scholar

Semenova F., The activities of Vyatka branch of the All-Union Association “Torgsin” (1932–1936), “Bulletin of Vyatka State Humanities University” 2010, No. 4 (1), pp. 35–40.
Google Scholar