Tendencje rozwojowe klastrów w Niemczech
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/2082-4440.11.02Słowa kluczowe:
inwestycje, klastry, RFN, atrakcyjność lokalizacjiAbstrakt
Choć rządy Wielkiej Koalicji mogą mieć negatywne skutki dla stanu niemieckich finansów publicznych, twierdzenie o pogorszeniu atrakcyjności lokalizacyjnej RFN wydaje się nadużyciem. Pozyskiwanie inwestorów wymaga oferowania pewnych pakietów czynników, np. w formie klastrów. W artykule podejmowana jest ocena tendencji rozwojowych niemieckich klastrów. Większość badanych skupisk podlega procesom ekspansji. Zanikanie gron (na wschodzie) wiąże się głównie z odchudzaniem, czyli szybszym spadkiem liczby zatrudnionych niż liczby działających firm, podczas gdy w przypadku Niemiec jako całości to relokacja – zmniejszanie się populacji aktywnych przedsiębiorstw przy słabszym spadku zatrudnionych w nich pracowników – jest zjawiskiem powszechniejszym. Procesy rozdrobnienia klastrów, a więc wzrostu liczby firm przy jednoczesnym zmniejszeniu zatrudnienia występują częściej niż odwrotna agregacja, kiedy to redukcji populacji przedsiębiorstw towarzyszy wzrost liczby pracujących. O ile dynamika rozwoju klastrów obserwowana w części wschodniej nie odbiega zasadniczo od tej zachodzącej w całych Niemczech, o tyle niepokoić może skala inwestycji i tempo ich wzrostu.
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