Uzbrojenie armii rzymskiej w IV w. p.n.e.: pilum, scutum i początki taktyki manewrowej
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.29.03Słowa kluczowe:
wojskowość starożytnego Rzymu, pilum, scutum, taktyka manewrowaAbstrakt
W czasach wczesnej Republiki Rzymskiej uzbrojenie oraz taktyka przedstawiają się nieznacznie gorzej niż w okresie 264–133 BC. Jak na ironię to właśnie okres wczesnej Republiki Rzymskiej był czasem, kiedy miały miejsce najważniejsze innowacje w zakresie wojskowości. Moment ich wprowadzenia oraz inspiracje jakimi się przy tym kierowano pozostają w kwestii zainteresowania niniejszego artykułu. Okazuje się, że porównując źródła pisane, archeologiczne i ikonograficzne, możemy śledzić zarówno charakter tych zmian, jak i moment, w którym pojawiły się nowe rodzaje broni. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonej analizy, jest bardzo prawdopodobne, że kluczowe elementy uzbrojenia rzymskiego, jak ciężki oszczep (pilum) czy prostokątna tarcza (scutum), pojawiły się nieznacznie wcześniej niż do tej pory sądzono. Z przytoczonymi elementami uzbrojenia była powiązana także unikalna taktyka manewrowa, którą najprawdopodobniej opracowano przed wojnami samnickimi.
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