System finansowy a wzrost gospodarczy: analiza porównawcza dwóch państw Afryki Wschodniej
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/cer-2016-0025Słowa kluczowe:
finanse, wzrost, Etiopia, Kenia, rynki giełdowe, kredyty sektora prywatnegoAbstrakt
W artykule poddano analizie zależność wzrostu gospodarczego od rozwoju systemu finansowego w dwóch gospodarkach regionu Afryki Subsaharyjskiej o niskich dochodach – Etiopii i Kenii – które mają różne systemy finansowe, ale znajdują się w tym samym regionie. Inaczej niż w poprzednich badaniach, wykazujemy tutaj rolę nie bankowych finansowych instytucji pośredniczących i formalnie modelujemy efekty zmian strukturalnych spowodowanych przez polityki oraz zdarzenia gospodarcze wywołane przez rynek. Wykorzystano model wektorowej autoregresji (VAR), przeprowadzono analizę odpowiedzi impulsowych i zbadano dekompozycję wariancji. Stwierdzono, że ani poziom rozwoju pośrednictwa finansowego ani poziom rozwoju rynku akcji nie stanowi wyjaśnienia zjawiska wzrostu gospodarczego w Kenii. W Etiopii, która nie dysponuje rynkiem giełdowym, rozwój instytucji pośredniczących jest napędzany przez wzrost gospodarczy. Z tych ustaleń mogą być wyciągnięte trzy ważne wnioski. Po pierwsze, często obserwowany pozytywny związek między rozwojem systemu finansowego a wzrostem gospodarczym może być spowodowany przez agregację krajów będących na różnych etapach rozwoju gospodarczego i finansowego. Po drugie, sytuacja i zdarzenia gospodarcze w poszczególnych krajach mają znaczenie dla badania relacji między rozwojem finansowym a wzrostem gospodarczym. Po trzecie, istnieje możliwość, że model ekonometryczny zastosowany do testowania powiązań między wzrostem a finansami będzie przydatny, ponieważ, jak zwrócono uwagę, we wcześniejszych badaniach nie uwzględniano zmiennych kontrolnych.
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