International Determinants of Comprehensive Income Reporting by Groups – An Analytical and Comparative Study of Poland and Germany

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.18

Keywords:

corporate governance, accounting standards, financial reporting, comprehensive income, Polish and German markets

Abstract

The mainstream theoretical and empirical research presented in the study is a comparative analysis of comprehensive income reporting by groups listed in the Polish and German capital markets. The theoretical part of the article is dedicated to a scientific discussion on the determinants of the capital market and corporate governance in continental Europe and the so‑called ‘new governance’, related to the convergence of financial reporting standards, including IFRSs, that oblige groups of entities to prepare consolidated statements of comprehensive income. It also assesses the relevance of comprehensive income to capital market players. The empirical part contains the results of comparative research on the format and structure of consolidated statements and the nomenclature of their components, as well as the findings from studies of the value relevance of comprehensive income for the WIG30 and DAX groups in 2009–2019.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aguilera, R.V., Jackson, G. (2010), Comparative and International Corporate Governance, “Academy of Management Annals”, 4 (1), pp. 485–556, https://doi.org/10.5465​/19416520.2010.495525 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2010.495525

Allen, F., Gale, D. (2000), Comparing financial systems, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Aluchna, M., Tomczyk, E. (2019), Compliance with Corporate Governance Best Practice. The Perspective of Ownership Structure, “Journal of Management and Financial Sciences”, 11 (32), pp. 9–26, https://econjournals.sgh.waw.pl/JMFS/article/view​/720 (accessed: 25.03.2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33119/JMFS.2018.32.1

Andrzejewski, M., Grabiński, K. (2016), Impact of corporate governance quality on financial efficiency of listed companies in times of financial crisis in the light of empirical studies, “Economic Studies. Scientific Journals of the University of Economics in Katowice”, 268, pp. 9–19. https://www.ue.katowice.pl/fileadmin/user_upload/wydawnictwo/SE_Artyku%C5%82y_251_270/SE_268/01.pdf (accessed: 25.03.2021).

Armstrong, C., Barth, M.E., Jagolinzer, A., Riedl, E.J. (2010), Market Reaction to Events Surrounding the Adoption of IFRS in Europe, “The Accounting Review”, 85 (1), pp. 31–61, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27784261 (accessed: 25.03.2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.1.31

Asquith, P., Mikhail, M.B., Au, A.S. (2005), Information Content of Equity Analyst Reports, “Journal of Financial Economics”, 75 (2), pp. 245–282. https://doi.org/10.1016​/j.jfineco.2004.01.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2004.01.002

Bamber, L.S., Jiang, J., Petroni, K.R., Wang, I.Y. (2010), Comprehensive Income: Who’s Afraid of Performance Reporting?, “The Accounting Review”, 85 (1), pp. 97–126, https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.1.97 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.1.97

Barth, M.E., Beaver, W.H., Landsman, W.R. (1996), Value‑Relevance of Banks’ Fair Value Disclosures under SFAS No. 107, “Accounting Review”, 71 (4), pp. 513–537, https://www.jstor.org/stable/248569 (accessed: 25.03.2021).

Barth, M.E., Landsman, W., Lang, M. (2008), International Accounting Standards and Accounting Quality, “Journal of Accounting Research”, 46 (3), pp. 467–498, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00287.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00287.x

Barton, J., Hansen, T.B., Pownall, G. (2010), Which performance measures do investors around the world value the most – and why, “Accounting Review”, 85 (3), pp. 753–789, https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.3.753 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.3.753

Bhattacharya, N., Black, E.L., Christensen, T.E., Larson, C.R. (2003), Assessing the Relative Informativeness and Permanence of Pro Forma Earnings and GAAP Operating Earnings, “Journal of Accounting and Economics”, 36 (1–3), pp. 285–319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2003.06.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2003.06.001

Biddle, G., Choi, J.H. (2006), Is comprehensive income useful?, “Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics”, 2 (1), pp. 1–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1815-5669 (10)70015-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1815-5669(10)70015-1

Bloomfield, R.J. (2002), The “Incomplete Revelation Hypothesis’ and Financial Reporting, “Accounting Horizons”, 16 (3), pp. 233–243, https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2002​.16.3.233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2002.16.3.233

Bradshaw, T. (2002), The Use of Target Prices to Justify Sell‑side Analysts’ Stock Recommendations, “Accounting Horizons”, 16 (1), pp. 27–41, https://doi.org/10.21​39/ssrn.303162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2002.16.1.27

Bratten, B., Causholli, M., Khan, U. (2016), Usefulness of fair values for predicting banks’ future earnings: Evidence from other comprehensive income and its components, “Review of Accounting Studies”, 21 (1), pp. 280–315, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142​-015-9346-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-015-9346-7

Brimble, M., Hodgson, A. (2007), On the Inter‑Temporal Value Relevance of Conventional Financial Accounting in Australia, “Accounting & Finance”, 47 (4), pp. 599–622, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2007.00241.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2007.00241.x

Bühner, R. (2001), Corporate governance, teaching materials, Lehrstuhl am Betriebswirtschaftslehre mit Schwerpunkt Organisation und Management, Universität Passau.

Cahan, S.F., Courtenay, S.M., Gronnewoller, P.L., Upton, D.R. (2000), Value Relevance of Mandated Comprehensive Income Disclosures, “Journal of Business Finance & Accounting”, 27 (9–10), pp. 1273–1301, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5957.00356 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5957.00356

Camilleri, M.A. (2017), Responsible Corporate Governance in Europe, [in:] M. Aluchna, S.O. Idowu, Responsible Corporate Governance, Springer, Heidelberg, Switzerland. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55206-4_2

Chambers, D., Linsmeier, T., Shakespeare, C., Sougiannis, T. (2007), An evaluation of SFAS No. 130 comprehensive income disclosure, “Review of Accounting Studies”, 12 (4), pp. 557–593, https://doi.org.10.1007/s11142-007-9043-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-007-9043-2

Cheng, C.S.A., Cheung, J.K., Gopalakrishnan, V. (1993), On the Usefulness of Operating Income, Net Income and Comprehensive Income in Explaining Security Returns, “Accounting and Business Research”, 23 (91), pp. 195–203, https://doi.org/10.1080​/00014788.1993.9729879 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.1993.9729879

Chhillar, P., Lellapalli, R.V. (2015), Divergence or convergence: paradoxes in corporate governance?, “Corporate Governance”, 15 (5), pp. 693–705, https://doi.org/10​.1108/CG-05-2015-0066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-05-2015-0066

Cohen, J.R., Hanno, D.M. (2000), Auditors’ Consideration of Corporate Governance and Management Control Philosophy in Preplanning and Planning Judgments, “Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory”, 19 (2), pp. 133–146, https://doi.org/10.2308​/aud.2000.19.2.133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2000.19.2.133

Dastgir, M. (2008), Comprehensive Income and Net Income as Measures of Firm Performance: Some Evidence for Scale Effect, “European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences”, 12, pp. 123–133, http://rms.scu.ac.ir/Files/Articles/Jo​urnals/Abstract/ejefas_12_10.pdf2009111814121213.pdf (accessed: 25.03.2021).

Dechow, P.M., Ge, W., Schrand, C.M. (2010), Understanding Earnings Quality: A Review of the Proxies, Their Determinants and Their Consequences, “Journal of Accounting and Economics”, 50 (2–3), pp. 344–401, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco​.2010.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.001

Devalle, A., Onali, E., Magarini, R. (2010), Assessing the Value Relevance of Accounting Data After the Introduction of IFRS in Europe, “Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting”, 21 (2), pp. 85–119, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn​.2420765 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-646X.2010.01037.x

Dhaliwal, D., Subramanyam, K.R., Trezevant, R. (1999), Is comprehensive income superior to net income as a measure of firm performance, “Journal of Accounting and Economics”, 26 (1–3), pp. 46–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(98)00033-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(98)00033-0

Enriques, L., Volpin, P. (2007), Corporate governance reforms in continental Europe, “Journal of Economic Perspectives”, 21 (1), pp. 117–140, https://doi.org/10.1257/jep​.21.1.117 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.1.117

Ernstberger, J. (2008), The Value Relevance of Comprehensive Income under IFRS and US GAAP: Empirical Evidence from Germany, “International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation”, 5 (1), pp. 1–29, https://doi.org/10​.1504/IJAAPE.2008.020191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAAPE.2008.020191

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (1980), Elements of Financial Statements of Business Enterprises, Concepts Statement No. 3, CT, Stamford.

Graham, J.R., Harvey, C.R., Rajgopal, S. (2005), The Economic Implications of Corporate Financial Reporting, “Journal of Accounting and Economics”, 40 (1–3), pp. 3–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2005.01.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2005.01.002

Grossman, S.J., Stiglitz, J.E. (1980), On the impossibility of informationally efficient markets, “American Economic Review”, 70 (3), pp. 393–408, https://doi.org/10.1146​/annurev‑financial-110716-032355

Hodder, L.D., Hopkins, P.E., Wahlen, J.M. (2006), Risk‑relevance of Fair Value Income Measures for Commercial Banks, “The Accounting Review”, 81 (2), pp. 337–375, https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.2.337 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.2.337

IFRSs – International Financial Reporting Standards (2011), IFRS Foundation.

Jacoby, S.M. (2001), Corporate Governance in Comparative Perspective: Proposals for Convergence, “Comparative Labour Law & Policy Journal”, 22 (1), pp. 5–32, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.285949 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.285949

Jeffers, E. (2005), Corporate governance: toward converging models?, “Global Finance Journal”, 16 (2), pp. 221–232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2005.06.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2005.06.003

Jermakowicz, E.K., Prather‑Kinsey, J., Wulf, I. (2007), The Value Relevance of Accounting Income Reported by DAX–30 German Companies, “Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting”, 18 (3), pp. 151–191, https://doi.org/10.1111​/j.1467-646X.2007.01011.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-646X.2007.01011.x

Jerzemowska, M., (2019), What connects and what differentiates the corporate governance systems of selected countries?, “Studies in Law and Economics”, 112, pp. 261–284, https://doi.org/10.26485/SPE/2019/112/15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26485/SPE/2019/112/15

Jerzemowska, M., Golec, A., (2013), Corporate governance in Poland: strengths, weaknesses and challenges, Conference Paper, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315779018 (accessed: 25.03.2021).

Kanagaretman, K., Mathieu, R., Shehata M. (2009), Usefulness of comprehensive income reporting in Canada, “Journal of Accounting and Public Policy”, 28 (4), pp. 349–365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2009.06.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2009.06.004

Khanna, T., Palepu, K.G. (2004), Globalization and Convergence in Corporate Governance: Evidence from Infosys and the Indian Software Industry, “Journal of International Business Studies”, 35 (6), pp. 484–507, https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ji​bs.8400103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400103

Kubota, K., Suda, K., Takehara, H. (2006), Reporting of the Net Income Plus Other Comprehensive Income: Information Content Test of the Japanese Firms, Working paper, Musashi University, https://ssrn.com/abstract=1393746 (accessed: 25.03.2021).

La Porta, R., Lopez‑de‑Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. (1999), Corporate ownership around the world, “Journal of Finance”, 54 (2), pp. 471–517, https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-10​82.00115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00115

Land, J., Lang, M.H. (2002), Empirical Evidence on the Evolution of International Earnings, “The Accounting Review”, 77, pp. 115–133, https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002​.77.s-1.115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002.77.s-1.115

Louis, H. (2003), The value relevance of the foreign translation adjustment, “Accounting Review”, 78 (4), pp. 1027–1047, https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2003.78.4.1027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2003.78.4.1027

Mallin, Ch.A. (2004), Corporate governance, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Mironiuc, M., Huian, M.C. (2016), Study of the Congruence between Accounting Numbers and Stock Market Variables through Comprehensive Income: Empirical Evidence for Romania Companies Quoted On the Regulated Market, “Accounting and Management Information Systems”, 15 (3), pp. 498–521, https://www.researchgate.net​/publication/308749801 (accessed: 25.03.2021).

Nejad, M.Y., Embong, Z., Ahmad, A. (2017), Value Relevance of Other Comprehensive Income and Its Available‑For‑Sale Financial Instruments (AFS) and Revaluation Surplus of Property, Plant and Equipment (REV) Components, “Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance”, 8 (special issue), pp. 133–143, https://doi.org/10.17​576/AJAG-2017-08SI-12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2017-08SI-12

Nestor, S., Thompson, J.K. (2000), Corporate Governance Patterns in OECD Economies: Is Convergence Under Way?, OEC, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/10/19314​60.pdf (accessed: 25.03.2021).

O’Hanlon, J.F., Pope, P.F. (1999), The value relevance of U.K. dirty surplus accounting flows, “British Accounting Review”, 31 (4), pp. 459–482, https://doi.org/10.1006/ba​re.1999.0116 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/bare.1999.0116

Ohlson, J.A. (1999), On Transitory Earnings, “Review of Accounting Studies”, 4 (1–4), pp. 145–162, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009653114699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009653114699

Păşcan, I. (2014), Does Comprehensive Income Tell us more about an Entity’s Performance Compared to Net Income? Study on Romanian Listed Entities, “Procedia Economics and Finance”, 15, pp. 1077–1082, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00​559-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00559-0

Sajnóg, A. (2017), The role of comprehensive income in predicting banks’ future earnings based on the practice of banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, “Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy”, 12 (3), pp. 485–500, https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.v12i3.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.v12i3.26

Shleifer, A., Vishny, R.W. (1997), A survey of corporate governance, “Journal of Finance”, 52 (2), pp. 737–783, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x

Smith, P.A., Tse, S. (1998), Reporting comprehensive income: Does it really affect stock prices?, “Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance”, 9 (4), pp. 75–86, https://doi​.org/10.1002/jcaf.3970090408 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.3970090408

Soderstrom, N., Sun, K. (2007), IFRS Adoption and Accounting Quality: A Review, “European Accounting Review”, 16 (4), pp. 675–702, https://doi.org/10.1080/09638​180701706732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180701706732

Thinggaard, F., Wagenhofer, A., Evans, L., Gebhard, G., Hoogendoom, M., Marton, J., Di Pietra, R., Mora, A., Peasnell, K. (2006), Performance Reporting – The IASB’s Proposed Formats of Financial Statements in the Exposure Draft of IAS 1, “Accounting in Europe”, 3 (1), pp. 35–63, https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180600920152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180600920152

Turktas, B., Georgakopoulos, G., Sotiropoulos, I., Vasieleiou, K. (2003), Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reasons for Reporting Choices and Investor Reactions, “International Journal of Economics and Finance”, 5 (4), pp. 1–20, https://doi.org/10.5539​/ijef.v5n4p1

Walton, P., Haller, A., Raffournier, B. (2003), International Accounting, Thomson Learning, London.

Weiner, J., Pape, J. (1999), The Taxonomy of Systems of Corporate Governance, “Corporate Governance. An International Review”, 7 (2), pp. 152–166, https://doi.org/10​.1111/1467-8683.00143 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8683.00143

Yen, A.C., Hirst, D.E., Hopkins, P.E. (2007), A Content Analysis of the Comprehensive Income Exposure Draft Comment Letters, “Research in Accounting Regulation”, 19, pp. 53–79, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1052-0457(06)19003-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1052-0457(06)19003-7

Downloads

Published

2022-06-20

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Kwaśny, Jakub, and Artur Sajnóg. 2022. “International Determinants of Comprehensive Income Reporting by Groups – An Analytical and Comparative Study of Poland and Germany”. Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 25 (2): 163-85. https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.18.