Tourist activity: international and domestic diversification and the problem of social exclusion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/v10106-011-0001-9Keywords:
tourist activity, international comparisons, social diversification, social exclusion, cluster analysisAbstract
This article presents the international and domestic diversification of tourist activity. In the former case, it focuses on analyses of the general level of tourist activity, expressed in the ‘tourist activity rate’, while with regards to the inhabitants of Poland, analyses were conducted on the diversification of tourist activity across various socio-demographic categories. For international comparisons, the wide-ranging research conducted by EUROSTAT in 2011 on representative samples of the inhabitants of 32 European countries was used. The diversification of Polish tourist activity in the context of social exclusion, on the other hand, is presented on the basis of the author's research and calculations. Statistical analyses were employed: Kendall's Tau-b rank correlation coefficient and cluster analysis.
Downloads
References
AGARWAL, S., BRUNT, P., 2006, Social exclusion and English seaside resorts, ‘Tourism Management’, Vol. 26, pp. 121-132.
Google Scholar
ALEJZIAK, W., 2009, Determinanty i zróżnicowanie społeczne aktywności turystycznej, Studia i Monografie AWF Kraków, nr 56.
Google Scholar
ALEJZIAK, W., 2000, Metodologia badania i określania aktywności turystycznej ludności w wybranych krajach świata, [in:] Wyrzykowski, J. (ed.) Studia nad czasem wolnym mieszkańców dużych miast Polski i jego wykorzystaniem na rekreacje ruchową i turystykę, AWF Wrocław, pp. 157-177.
Google Scholar
ALEJZIAK, W., 2007, Inhibitory aktywności turystycznej. Teoretyczne i metodologiczne aspekty studiów nad ograniczeniami i barierami uczestnictwa w wyjazdach wypoczynkowych, ‘Folia Turistica’, Vol. 18, pp. 59-89.
Google Scholar
BLALOCK, H.M., 1977, Statystyka dla socjologów, PWN, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
BYRNE, D., 1999, Social exclusion, Open University Press, Buckingham.
Google Scholar
CBOS, 2005, Wyjazdy Polaków na wypoczynek w latach 1992-2005 (BS/185/2005). Komunikat z badań [Leisure trips of Polish residents in the year 1992-2005 – study bulletin], Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej (SORC), Warszawa, January. On-line: http://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2005/K_185_05.PDF
Google Scholar
CORREIA, A. OOM DO VALLE, P., MOÇO, C., 2007, Why people travel to exotic Places, ‘International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research’, Vol. 1, pp. 45-61.
Google Scholar
DERCOP, A., SNELDERS, D., 2005, A grounded typology of vacation decision-making, ‘Tourism Management’, Vol. 26, pp. 121-132.
Google Scholar
EUROSTAT, 2011, Survey on the attitudes of Europeans towards tourism. Analytical report – Wave 3. Flash Eurobarometr, No. 328, European Commission, The Gallup Organization, 13 May 2011. On-line: http://www.scribd.com/doc/55717802/Survey-on-the-Attitudes-of-Europeans-Towards-Tourism-2011
Google Scholar
FERREIRA, F.H.G., 1999, Inequality and Economic Performance. A Brief Overview to Theories of Growth and Distribution, working paper, Text for World’s Bank Site on Inequality, Poverty, and Socio-Economic Performance, June.
Google Scholar
FRECHTLING, D., 2001, Forecasting Tourism Demand – methods and strategies, Butterworth-Heinemenn.
Google Scholar
HAUKELAND, J.V., 1990, Non-travellers: The flip side of motivation, ‘Annals of Tourism Research’, Vol. 17 (2), pp. 172-184.
Google Scholar
HUAN, T.C., O’LEARY, J.T., 1999, Measuring Tourism Performance. Advances in Tourism Applications Series, Segamore Publishing, Illinois.
Google Scholar
JORDON, E., 2000, Exclusion of travelers in state schools, ‘Educational Research’, Vol. 43(2), pp. 117-132.
Google Scholar
LABEAU, G., 1968, Zagadnienia ogólne konsumpcji turystycznej, ‘Ruch Turystyczny – Monografie’ SGPiS, nr 5.
Google Scholar
LUNDGREN, A., 2004, Micro-Simulation Modelling of Domestic Tourism Travel Patterns in Sweden. On-line: http://www.metlafi/tapahtumat/2004/mmv2/abstracts/poster/lundgren-and-lundevaller-poster.pdf
Google Scholar
MALINOWSKI, J.A., 1988, Wdrażanie do aktywności turystycznokrajoznawczej, [w:] Społeczno-pedagogiczne problemy turystyki, J.A. Malinowski (ed), Instytut Turystyki, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
MARCH, R.S.G. WOODSIDE, A.G., 2005, Tourism Behaviour. Travellers’ Decisions and Actions, CABI Publishing, Cambridge.
Google Scholar
MEJER, L., 2000, Social Exclusion in the EU Member States, Statistics in Focus 3-1. On-line: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/CA-NK-00-001/EN/CA-NK-00-001-EN.PDF
Google Scholar
MIDDLETON, V.T.C., 1996, Marketing w turystyce, Polska Agencja Promocji Turystyki, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
NOWAKOWSKA, A., 1989, Społeczno-ekonomiczne uwarunkowania ruchu turystycznego w układach przestrzennych, Zeszyty Naukowe – Seria Monografie, Vol. 88, Akademia Ekonomiczna, Kraków.
Google Scholar
PALMERO, E.A., 2001, A Case Analysis: Spanish Domestic and Outbound Tourism Survey (Familitur), [w:] J.J. Lennon (ed), Tourism Statistics. International Perspectives and Current Issues, Continuum, London, New York, pp. 308-316.
Google Scholar
PIZAM, A., MANSFELD, Y., 1999, Consumer behaviour in travel and tourism, The Haworth Hospitality Press, London-Oxford.
Google Scholar
PEARCE, Ph. L., 2005, Tourism Behaviour. Themes and Conceptual Schemes, Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto.
Google Scholar
POU, L., ALEGRE, J., 2002, The Determinants of the Probability of Tourism Consumption: An Analysis with a Family Expenditure Survey. Document de Treball 39. On-line: http://www.uib.es/depart/deaweb/deawp/pdf/DT39.pdf
Google Scholar
SCHMIDT, H.-W., 2002, How Europeans go on Holiday, ‘Statistics in Focus’, No 18/2002. On-line: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-NP-06-018/EN/KS-NP-06-018-EN.PDF
Google Scholar
SŁABY, T., 2006, Konsumpcja. Eseje statystyczne, Difin, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
TOIVONEN, T., 1997, Changes in the propensity to take holiday abroad in EU countries between 1985 and 1997, ‘Tourism Economics’, Vol. 10 (4).
Google Scholar
URRY, J., 2007, Spojrzenie turysty, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
WSFZ, 2004, Diagnoza społeczna – 2003. Warunki i jakość życia Polaków, WSFZ, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
WOODSIDE, A.G., MACDONALD, R., BURFORD, M., 2004, Grounded Theory of Leisure Travel, ‘Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing’, Vol. 17 (1), pp. 7-39.
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
