Imagining One’s Own Infidel: Balkan Dhimmī Christians in Ottoman Historical Writing until 1600

Delyan Rusev

doi:10.18778/2084-140X.14.28

Autor

Delyan Rusev Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of History https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3732-6659

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2084-140X.14.28

Słowa kluczowe:

Balkan Christians, dhimmīs, Ottoman historical writing, Ottoman warfare, voynuqs, martoloses

Abstrakt

Non-Muslim dhimmīs, i.e. Christians and Jews, were an integral part of Ottoman society but left a negligible – and so far, largely neglected – trace in Ottoman (Muslim) historical writing of the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries. While seeking to explain this phenomenon, the present paper analyzes the few identified historical accounts of Balkan Christians in the light of their authors’ personal backgrounds, ideological positions, and narrative strategies. It argues that there was no real historiographic discourse on the role of local Christians in the formation and functioning of the Ottoman state and society. Historians’ occasional interest in the topic was based on subjective factors such as greater access to relevant information or a penchant for thematic experimentation,
with only a couple of accounts serving more pronounced didactic or ideological goals. The narratives primarily concern the utility and involvement of militarized Christian groups such as voynuqs and martoloses in Ottoman warfare, but some more abstract as well as visual representations are also discussed in the paper.

Pobrania

Brak dostępnych danych do wyświetlenia.

Bibliografia

Aibalē G., Zachariadou E., Xanthynakēs A., To chroniko tōn oungrotoyrkikōn polemōn (1443–1444), Ērakleio 2005.
Google Scholar

Akgündüz A., Osmanlı Kanunnâmeleri Ve Hukukî Tahlilleri, vol. I, Istanbul 1990.
Google Scholar

Akgündüz A., Osmanlı Kanunnâmeleri Ve Hukukî Tahlilleri, vol. III, Istanbul 1991.
Google Scholar

Anonim Osmanlı Kroniği, ed. N. Öztürk, Istanbul 2015.
Google Scholar

ʿÂşık Çelebi, Meşâʿirüʾş-Şuʿarâ, vol. I, ed. F. Kılıç, Istanbul 2010.
Google Scholar

Âşıkpaşazâde Tarihi, ed. N. Öztürk, Istanbul 2013.
Google Scholar

Bojanič-Lukač D., Vidin i Vidinskijat sandžak prez 15–16 vek. Dokumenti ot arhivite na Carigrad i Ankara, ed. V. Mutafčieva, M. Stajnova, Sofija 1975.
Google Scholar

Cengiz H. E., Yücel Y., Rûhî Târîhi, “Belgeler” 14.18, 1992, p. 359–472.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/359472a0

Chjusejn, Bedaʾiʿ ul- vekaʾiʿ (Udivitel’nye sobytija), vol. I, ed. A. S. Tveritinova, Moskva 1961.
Google Scholar

De Courmenin L. D., Voiage de Levant. Fait par le commandement du Roy en l’année 1621, Paris 1624.
Google Scholar

Die altosmanische Chronik des ʿĀšiḳpašazāde, ed. F. Giese, Osnabrück 1972.
Google Scholar

Die altosmanischen anonymen Chroniken, T. I, Text und Variantenverzeichnis, ed. F. Giese, Wrocław 1922.
Google Scholar

Düsturname-i Enverī, ed. M. Halil, Istanbul 1928.
Google Scholar

Düstūrnâme-i Enverî (19–22. Kitaplar), ed. N. Öztürk, Istanbul 2012.
Google Scholar

Evliyâ Çelebi b. Derviş Mehemmed Zıllî, Evliyâ Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi, vol. III, ed. S. A. Kahraman, Y. Dağlı, Istanbul 1999; vol. V, ed. Y. Dağlı, S. A. Kahraman, İ. Sezgin, Istanbul 2001; vol. VII, ed. Y. Dağlı, S. A. Kahraman, R. Dankoff, Istanbul 2003.
Google Scholar

Gazavât-ı Sultân Murâd b. Mehemmed Hân. İzladi ve Varna Savaşları (1443–1444) Üzerinde Anonim Gazavâtnâme, ed. H. İnalcık, M. Oğuz, 2Ankara 1989.
Google Scholar

Gelibolulu Mustafa ʿÂlī Efendi, Kitâbü’t-Târīḫ-i Künhü’l-Aḫbâr, ed. A. Uğur et al., Kayseri 1997.
Google Scholar

Hans Dernschwam’s Tagebuch einer Reise nach Konstantinopel und Kleinasien (1553/1555), ed. F. Babinger, München 1923.
Google Scholar

İbn Kemal, Tevârih-i Âl-i Osman, vol. VII (tenkidli transkripsiyon), ed. Ş. Turan, Ankara 1957.
Google Scholar

İbn-i Kemal, Tevârih-i Âl-i Osman, vol. I, ed. Ş. Turan, Ankara 1970.
Google Scholar

Idrīs Bitlīsī, Hasht bihisht, MS İstanbul, Nuruosmaniye Kütüphanesi 3209.
Google Scholar

İdris-i Bitlisi, Heşt Behişt. VII. Ketîbe: Fatih Sultan Mehmed Devri, 1451–1481, trans. M. İ. Yıldırım, Ankara 2019.
Google Scholar

İdris-i Bitlisi, Heşt Bihişt, vol. I, ed. M. Karataş, S. Kaya, Y. Baş, Ankara 2008.
Google Scholar

İnalcık H., Hicrî 835 Tarihli Sûret-i Defter-i Sancak-i Arvanid, 2Ankara 1987.
Google Scholar

İnanır A., Şeyhülislâm İbn Kemal’in Fetvaları Işığında Kanûnî Devrinde Osmanlı’da Hukukî Hayat, Istanbul 2011.
Google Scholar

Kalicin M., Korona na istoriite na Hodža Sadeddin, Veliko Tărnovo 2000.
Google Scholar

Kastritsis D., An Early Ottoman History. The Oxford Anonymous Chronicle (Bodleian Marsh 313). Historical Introduction, Translation, and Commentary, Liverpool 2017 [= Translated Texts for Byzantinists, 5].
Google Scholar

Kemalpaşazâde, Tevârih-i Âl-i Osman, vol. III, ed. A. Satun, Istanbul 2014.
Google Scholar

Khoja Saʿdeddīn, Tāj üt-tevārīkh, vol. I, Istanbul 1279/1862–1863.
Google Scholar

Kritovoulos, History of Mehmed the Conqueror, trans. C. T. Riggs, Princeton, NJ 1954.
Google Scholar

Mevlânâ Mehmed Neşri, Cihânnümâ. Osmanlı Tarihi (1288–1485), ed. N. Öztürk, Istanbul 2013.
Google Scholar

Schweigger S., Eine newe Reiß Beschreibung auß Teutschland Nach Constantinopel und Jerusalem, Nürnberg 1639.
Google Scholar

Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî, vol. I–II, ed. M. İpşirli, 2Ankara 1999.
Google Scholar

Seyyid Loqmān, Hünernāme, MS Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi, Hazine 1523.
Google Scholar

Šabanović H., Krajište Isa-bega Ishakovića. Zbirni katastarski popis iz 1455. godine, Sarajevo 1964.
Google Scholar

Tatarlă I., Osmanski izvori za pohodite na Vladislav III Jagelo i Jan Huniadi (1443–1444), [in:] Varna 1444. Sbornik ot izsledvanija i dokumenti v čest na 525-ta godišnina ot bitkata kraj gr. Varna, ed. D. Angelov et al., Sofija 1969, p. 367–539.
Google Scholar

Turski izvori za bălgarskata istorija, 15th–16th century series, vol. II, ed. N. Todorov, B. Nedkov, Sofija 1966.
Google Scholar

Turski izvori za istorijata na pravoto v bălgarskite zemi, vol. II, ed. B. Cvetkova, Sofija 1971.
Google Scholar

Tursun Beg, The History of Mehmed the Conqueror, ed. H. Inalcik, R. Murphey, Minneapolis 1978.
Google Scholar

Antov N., Crusading in the Fifteenth Century and its Relation to the Development of Ottoman Dynastic Legitimacy, Self-Image and the Ottoman Consolidation of Authority, [in:] The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century. Converging and Competing Cultures, ed. N. Housley, London 2016, p. 15–33.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315615158-2

Babinger F., Die Geschichtsschreiber der Osmanen und ihre Werke, Leipzig 1927.
Google Scholar

Bausani A., Gabr, [in:] Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. II, ed. B. Lewis et al., 2Leiden 1991, p. 970–971.
Google Scholar

Binney E., Turkish Miniature Paintings and Manuscripts from the Collection of Edwin Binney, 3New York 1973.
Google Scholar

Björkman W., Kāfir, [in:] Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. IV, ed. E. van Donzel et al., 2Leiden 1997, p. 407–409.
Google Scholar

Bojanić-Lukač D., Nova viduvanja za Karpoševoto vostanie, [in:] Avstro-turskata vojna 1683–1699 so poseben osvrt na Karpoševoto vostanie vo Makedonija, ed. A. Stojanovski et al., Skopje 1997, p. 13–51.
Google Scholar

Bosworth C. E., Faroqhi S., Raʿiyya, [in:] Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. VIII, ed. C. E. Bosworth et al., 2Leiden 1995, p. 403–406.
Google Scholar

Buzov S., The Lawgiver and his Lawmakers: The Role of Legal Discourse in the Change of Ottoman Imperial Culture, PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2005.
Google Scholar

Cahen C., D̲h̲imma, [in:] Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. II, ed. B. Lewis et al., 2Leiden 1991, p. 227–231.
Google Scholar

Cvetkova B., Influence exercée par certaines institutions de Byzance et des Balkans du Moyen Age sur le système féodal ottoman, “Byzantinobulgarica” 1, 1962, p. 237–257.
Google Scholar

Cvetkova B., Obzor na osnovnite osmanski iztočnici ot XV v. za pohodite na Vladislav Varnenčik i Jan Huniadi prez 1443/1444 g., [in:] Varna 1444. Sbornik ot izsledvanija i dokumenti v čest na 525-ta godišnina ot bitkata kraj gr. Varna, ed. D. Angelov et al., Sofija 1969, p. 168–192.
Google Scholar

Cvetkova B., Pametna bitka na narodite (Evropejskijat jugoiztok i osmanskoto zavoevanie – kraja na XIV i părvata polovina na XV v.), 2Varna 1979.
Google Scholar

Çağman F., Sultan Sencer ve Yaşlı Kadın Minyatürlerinin İkonografisi, [in:] Sanat Tarihinde İkonografik Araştırmalar. Güner İnal’a Armağan, Ankara 1993, p. 87–116.
Google Scholar

Çolak H., Tekfur, fasiliyus and kayser: Disdain, Negligence and Appropriation of Byzantine Imperial Titulature in the Ottoman World, [in:] Frontiers of the Ottoman Imagination. Studies in Honour of Rhoads Murphey, ed. M. Hadjianastasis, Leiden 2015, p. 5–28.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004283510_003

Darling L. T., A History of Social Justice and Political Power in the Middle East. The Circle of Justice from Mesopotamia to Globalization, London 2013, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203096857
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203096857

Darling L. T., The Development of Ottoman Governmental Institutions in the Fourteenth Century. A Reconstruction, [in:] Living in the Ottoman Ecumenical Community. Essays in Honour of Suraiya Faroqhi, ed. M. Koller, V. Costantini, Leiden 2008 [= The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage, 39], p. 15–34, https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004165755.i-496.11
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004165755.i-496.11

Disliking Others. Loathing, Hostility, and Distrust in Premodern Ottoman Lands, ed. H. T. Karateke, H. E. Çıpa, H. Anetshofer, Boston 2018.
Google Scholar

Dujčev I., La conquête turque et la prise de Constantinople dans la littérature slave contemporaine, “Byzantinoslavica” 14, 1953, p. 14 54; 16.2, 1955, p. 318–329; 17.2, 1956, p. 276–340.
Google Scholar

Еrcan Y., Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bulgarlar ve Voynuklar, Ankara 1989.
Google Scholar

Ertuğ Z. T., Hünernâme, [in:] TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. XVIII, İstanbul 1998, p. 484–485.
Google Scholar

Europa und die Türken in der Renaissance, ed. B. Guthmüller, W. Kühlmann, Tübingen 2000.
Google Scholar

European Perception of the Ottomans, ed. I. Beller-Hann, K. Fleet, special issue of “Journal of Mediterranean Studies” 5.2, 1995.
Google Scholar

Faroqhi S., Istanbul and Crete in the Mid-1600s: Evliya Çelebi’s Discourse on Non-Muslims, “The Medieval History Journal” 22.2, 2019, p. 321–342, https://doi.org/10.1177/0971945819871154
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0971945819871154

Farqohi S., The Ottoman Empire and the World around it, London 2004.
Google Scholar

Fetvacı E., The Office of Ottoman Court Historian, [in:] Studies on Istanbul and Beyond. The Freely Papers, vol. I, ed. R. Ousterhout, Philadelphia 2007, p. 7–21.
Google Scholar

Fiey J. M., Naṣārā, [in:] Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. VII, ed. C. E. Bosworth et al., 2Leiden 1993, p. 970–973.
Google Scholar

Fleischer C., Bureaucrat and Intellectual in the Ottoman Empire. The Historian Mustafa Âli (1541–1600), Princeton 1986, https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400854219
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400854219

Fotić A., Tracing the Origin of a New Meaning of the Term Re‘āyā in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Balkans, “Balcanica” 48, 2017, p. 55–66, https://doi.org/10.2298/BALC1748055F
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/BALC1748055F

Gara E., Popular Protest and the Limitations of Sultanic Justice, [in:] Popular Protest and Political Participation in the Ottoman Empire. Studies in Honor of Suraiya Faroqhi, ed. E. Gara, M. E. Kabadayı, C. K. Neumann, Istanbul 2011, p. 89–104.
Google Scholar

Georgieva C., Prostranstvo i prostranstva na bălgarite XV–XVII vek, Sofija 1999.
Google Scholar

Gheorghe A., Zerstörung und Umwandlung von Kirchen zu Moscheen in der frühosmanischen Geschichtsschreibung (XV. Jh.). Eine selective Quellenevaluation, “Review of Ecumenical Studies” 8.2, 2016, p. 271–307, https://doi.org/10.1515/ress-2016-0021
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ress-2016-0021

Gjuzelev V., „Dălgijat pohod” na polsko-ungarskija kral Vladislav III Jagelo ot 1443–1444 g. i bălgarite, [in:] Izvori za krăstonosnite pohodi ot 1443–1444 godina v bălgarskite zemi, ed. V. Gjuzelev, Sofija 2019, p. 273–285.
Google Scholar

Gradeva R., On Zimmis and Church Buildings: Four Cases from Rumeli, [in:] The Ottoman Empire: Myths, Realities and ‘Black Holes’. Contributions in Honour of Colin Imber, ed. E. Kermeli, O. Özel, Istanbul 2006, p. 203–237, https://doi.org/10.31826/9781463225940-015
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.31826/9781463225940-015

Gradeva R., Rumeli under the Ottomans, 15th–18th Centuries. Institutions and Communities, Istanbul 2004.
Google Scholar

Gradeva R., Turcite v bălgarskata knižnina, XV–XVIII vek, [in:] Balkanski identičnosti v bălgarskata kultura ot modernata epoha, vol. I, ed. N. Aretov, N. Černokožev, Sofija 2001, p. 112–134.
Google Scholar

Gradeva R., Turks and Bulgarians, Fourteenth to Eighteenth Centuries, “Journal of Mediterranean Studies” 5.2, 1995, p. 173–187.
Google Scholar

Gradeva R., Turks in Eighteenth-Century Bulgarian Literature: Historical Roots of Present-Day Attitudes in Bulgaria, “The European Legacy” 1.2, 1996, p. 421–426, https://doi.org/10.1080/10848779608579432
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10848779608579432

Heyd U., Studies in Old Ottoman Criminal Law, ed. V. L. Ménage, Oxford 1973.
Google Scholar

Imber C., Ebuʾs-suʿud. The Islamic Legal Tradition, Edinburgh 1997.
Google Scholar

Imber C., The Crusade of Varna, 1443–1445, Aldershot 2006.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-939710

Imber C., The Ottoman Empire 1300–1481, Istanbul 1990.
Google Scholar

İnalcık H., G̲h̲ulām, iv. – Ottoman Empire, [in:] Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. II, ed. B. Lewis et al., 2Leiden 1991, p. 1085–1091.
Google Scholar

İnalcık H., How to Read ʿĀshık Pasha-Zāde’s History, [in:] Studies in Ottoman History in Honour of Professor V. L. Ménage, ed. C. Heywood, C. Imber, Istanbul 1994, p. 139–156, https://doi.org/10.31826/9781463231729-012
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.31826/9781463231729-012

İnalcık H., Ottoman Methods of Conquest, “Studia Islamica” 2, 1954, p. 103–129, https://doi.org/10.2307/1595144
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1595144

İnalcık H., Stefan Duşan’dan Osmanlı İmperatorluğuna. XV. Asırda Rumeli’de Hıristiyan Sipâhiler ve Menşeleri, [in:] H. İnalcık, Fatih Devri Üzerinde Tetkikler ve Vesikalar, vol. I, Ankara 1954, p. 137–184.
Google Scholar

İnalcık H., Suleiman the Lawgiver and Ottoman Law, [in:] H. İnalcık, The Ottoman Empire. Conquest, Organization and Economy. Collected Studies, London 1978, pt. VII, p. 105–138.
Google Scholar

İnalcık H., Şikayet Hakkı: ʿArż-ı Ḥâl ve ʿArż-ı Maḥżar’lar, “Osmanlı Araştırmaları” 7–8, 1988, p. 33–54.
Google Scholar

İnalcık H., The Problem of the Relationship between Byzantine and Ottoman Taxation, [in:] Akten des XI. Internationalen Byzantinistenkongresses, München 1958, ed. F. Dölger, H. G. Beck, München 1960, p. 237–242.
Google Scholar

Ivanova D., Ottoman Subjects, Habsburg Allies. The Reaya of the Chiprovtsi Region (Northwestern Bulgaria) on the Front Line, 1688–1690, [in:] The Treaties of Carlowitz (1699). Antecedents, Course and Consequences, ed. C. Heywood, I. Parvev, Leiden 2019, p. 110–130, https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004414280_008
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004414280_008

Ivanova D., Teatri na vojnata – sraženija i istoriografija (osmanski istorici za učastieto na rajata na Dragoman văv vojnata meždu Sveštenata liga i Osmanskata imperija 1863–1699), [in:] Iz života na evropejskite provincii na Osmanskata imperija prez XV–XIX vek. Sbornik izsledvanija v pamet na prof. d. i. n. Elena Grozdanova, ed. O. Todorova, S. Părveva, Sofija 2016, p. 389–405.
Google Scholar

Ivanova D., The Impact of the 1683–1699 War on the Ottoman Rear: The Story of Silâhdar Mehmed Ağa about the Haydut Raid on Kyustendil in 1689/90, [in:] Empires and Peninsulas. Southeastern Europe between Karlowitz and the Peace of Adrianople, 1699–1829, ed. P. Mitev, I. Parvev, M. Baramova, V. Racheva, Berlin 2010, p. 217–229.
Google Scholar

Ivanova S., Masquerade – Imperial Preludes, “Études balkaniques” 39.1, 1994, p. 28–36.
Google Scholar

Ivanova S., Predi da se rodi bălgarskijat milet, [in:] Dăržava i cărkva – cărkva i dăržava v bălgarskata istorija. Sb. po slučaj 135-godišninata ot učredjavaneto na Bălgarskata ekzarhija, ed. G. Ganev, G. Bakalov, I. Todev, Sofija 2006, p. 135–184.
Google Scholar

Jonov M., Evropa otnovo otkriva bălgarite: XV–XVIII vek, Sofija 1980.
Google Scholar

Jonov M., Zasilvane na osvoboditelnoto dviženie v kraja na XVI v. Părvo tărnovsko văstanie, [in:] Istorija na Bălgarija, vol. IV, Bălgarskijat narod pod osmansko vladičestvo (ot XV do načaloto na XVIII v.), ed. H. Gandev et al., Sofija 1983, p. 181–202.
Google Scholar

Jordanov K., Organizacionno ustrojstvo na sokolarskata institucija, čislen săstav i geografsko razpredelenie na sokolarite ot Centralnite Balkani prez XV–XVI v., “Исторически преглед” / “Istoričeski pregled” 72.1–2, 2016, p. 227–289.
Google Scholar

Jordanov K., Štrihi vărhu ežednevieto na derbentdžijskoto i vojnuškoto naselenie prez XVI–XVII vek, “Известия на Института за исторически изследвания” / “Izvestija na Instituta za istoričeski izsledvanija” 36, 2021, p. 31–76.
Google Scholar

Jordanov K., Vojnucite ot imperskite konjušni v osmanskata provincija Rumelija (XV – părvite desetiletija na XVIII vek), Sofija 2023.
Google Scholar

Kabrda J., Raja, “Известия на историческото дружество” / “Izvestija na istoričeskoto družestvo” 14–15, 1937, p. 172–185.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/172.1.14g

Kacunov V., On the Ethnic Self-Consciousness of the Bulgarians during the 15th–17th Century, “Bulgarian Historical Review” 24.2, 1996, p. 3–24.
Google Scholar

Kafadar C., Between Two Worlds. The Construction of the Ottoman State, Berkley 1995, https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520918054
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520918054

Kaldellis A., A New Herodotos. Laonikos Chalkokondyles on the Ottoman Empire, the Fall of Byzantium, and the Emergence of the West, Washington, D.C. 2014 [= Supplement to Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library, 33–34].
Google Scholar

Kalicin M., The Image of the “Other” in 15th–16th Century Ottoman Narrative Literature, “Études balkaniques” 30.1, 1994, p. 22–27.
Google Scholar

Kalionski A., Yürüks in the Ottoman Balkans, Sofia 2020.
Google Scholar

Kayapınar A., Le sancak ottoman de Vidin du XVe à la fin du XVIe siècle, Istanbul 2011.
Google Scholar

Kayapınar A., Les filorici dans la région timoko-danubienne à l’époque ottomane (XVe–XVIe siècles), [in:] Enjeux politiques, économiques et militaires en Mer Noire (XIVe–XXIe siècles). Études à la mémoire de Mihail Guboğlu, ed. F. Bilici, I. Cândea, A. Popescu, Braïla 2007, p. 243–288.
Google Scholar

Kolarov H., Die Teilnahme der Bulgaren am „Langen Feldzug“ des Königs Wladislaw III. Jagiello von 1443–1444, “Bulgarian Historical Review” 1.1, 1973, p. 65–71.
Google Scholar

Kołodziejczyk D., Khan, Caliph, Tsar and Imperator: the Multiple Identities of the Ottoman Sultan, [in:] Universal Empire. A Comparative Approach to Imperial Culture and Representation in Eurasian History, ed. P. F. Bang, D. Kołodziejczyk, Cambridge 2012, p. 175–193, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139136952.009
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139136952.009

Konortas P., From Tâʾife to Millet: Ottoman Terms for the Ottoman Greek Orthodox Community, [in:] Ottoman Greeks in the Age of Nationalism. Politics, Economy, and Society in the Nineteenth Century, ed. D. Gondicas, Ch. Issawi, Princeton, NJ 1999, p. 169–179.
Google Scholar

Korobeinikov D. A., How ‘Byzantine’ were the early Ottomans? Bithynia in ca. 1290–1450, [in:] Osmanskij mir i osmanistika. Sbornik statej k 100-letiju so dnja roždenija A. S. Tveritinovoj (1910– 1973), ed. I. V. Zajcev, S. F. Oreškova, Moskva 2010, p. 215–239.
Google Scholar

Krstić T., Contested Conversions to Islam. Narratives of Religious Change in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire, Stanford, CA 2011, https://doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804773171.001.0001
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804773171.001.0001

Kunt M., Transformation of Zimmî into Askerî, [in:] Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of a Plural Society, vol. I, The Central Lands, ed. B. Braude, B. Lewis, Teaneck,NJ 1982, p. 55–67.
Google Scholar

Kursar V., Being an Ottoman Vlach: On Vlach Idendity (Ies), Role and Status in Western Parts of the Ottoman Balkans (15th–18th Centuries), “Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi” 34, 2013, p. 115–161, https://doi.org/10.1501/OTAM_0000000627
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1501/OTAM_0000000627

Küçükhüseyin Ş., Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung im Prozess kultureller Transformation. Anatolische Quellen über Muslime, Christen und Türken (13.–15. Jahrhundert), Wien 2011 [= Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Philosophisch-historische Klasse 825].
Google Scholar

Lewis B., The Muslim Discovery of Europe, New York 1982.
Google Scholar

Linant de Bellefonds Y., Cahen C., İnalcık H., Ḳānūn, [in:] Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. IV, ed. E. van Donzel et al., 2Leiden 1997, p. 556-562.
Google Scholar

Lowry H., The Nature of the Early Ottoman State, Albany 2003, https://doi.org/10.1353/book4635
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/book4635

Markiewicz C., The Crisis of Kingship in Late Medieval Islam. Persian Emigres and the Making of Ottoman Sovereignty, Cambridge 2019, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108684842
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108684842

Ménage V. L., A Survey of the Early Ottoman Histories, with Studies on their Textual Problems and their Sources, vol. I–II, PhD diss., University of London, 1961.
Google Scholar

Ménage V. L., Sidelights on the devs̲h̲irme from Idrīs and Saʿduddīn, “Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London” 18.1, 1956, p. 181–183, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X0012227X
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X0012227X

Ménage V. L., Some Notes on the Devs̲h̲irme, “Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London” 29.1, 1966, p. 64–78, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X0006081X
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X0006081X

Milev N., Edin neizdaden dokument za bălgarskata istorija (1597 god.), “Известия на историческо- то дружество” / “Izvestija na istoričeskoto družestvo” 4, 1915, p. 89–99.
Google Scholar

Moutafova K., On the Problem of the Ottoman Methods of Conquest (According to Neşri and Sultan Murad’s Gazavatname), “Études balkaniques” 31.2, 1995, p. 64–81.
Google Scholar

Mutafčieva V., Kategoriite zavisimo naselenie v našite zemi pod turska vlast prez XV–XVІ v., [in:] V. Mutafčieva, Osmanska socialno-ikonomičeska istorija, Sofija 1993, p. 258–289.
Google Scholar

Mutafova K., Religija i identičnost (hristijanstvo i isljam) po bălgarskite zemi v osmanskata dokumentacija ot XV–XVIII vek, Veliko Tărnovo 2022.
Google Scholar

Nikolov A., Meždu Rim i Konstantinopol. Iz antikatoličeskata literatura v Bălgarija i slavjanskija pravoslaven svjat (XI–XVII v.), Sofija 2016.
Google Scholar

Nikolovska K., Tsar or Son of Perdition. South Slavic Representations of Ottoman Imperial Authority in Church Slavonic Paratextual Accounts (1466–1710), “Revue des études sud-est européennes” 54.1–4, 2016, p. 71–86.
Google Scholar

Obreškov V., Anonimnijat katalonski avtor i negovata Història de Jacob Xalabín (Istorija na Jakub Čelebi), Sofija 2022.
Google Scholar

Obreškov V., Rannite osmanski hroniki. Kulturno-istoričeski komentar (Ahmedi, Šjukrullah, Oruč, Ašăkpašazade, Anonimnite hroniki), Sofija 2009.
Google Scholar

Ökten E., Ottoman Society and State in the Light of the Fatwas of İbn Kemal, MA Thesis, Bilkent University 1996.
Google Scholar

Oreškova S. F., Vizantija i Osmanskaja imperija: problemy preemstvennosti, [in:] Vizantija meždu Zapadom i Vostokom. Opyt istoričeskoj charakteristiki, ed. G. G. Litavrin, Sankt-Peterburg 1999, p. 478–494.
Google Scholar

Özcan A., Martolos, [in:] TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. XXVIII, Ankara 2003, p. 64–66.
Google Scholar

Özdemir L., Ottoman History through the Eyes of Aşıkpaşazade, Istanbul 2013.
Google Scholar

Papademetriou T., Render under the Sultan. Power, Authority, and the Greek Orthodox Church in the Early Ottoman Centuries, Oxford 2015, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198717898.001.0001
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198717898.001.0001

Părveva S., Săzdavane i zapazvane na kolektivnata pamet za voenni konflikti v osmanskata pogranična periferija: bitkite na Mihaj Vitjazul s Osmanskata imperija po vreme na vojnata săs Sveštenata liga (1593–1606), “Исторически преглед” / “Istoričeski pregled” 71.3–4, 2015, p. 5–35.
Google Scholar

Petrovszky K., Geschichte schreiben im osmanischen Südosteuropa. Eine Kulturgeschichte orthodoxer Historiographie des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden 2014.
Google Scholar

Pippidi A., Visions of the Ottoman World in Renaissance Europe, London 2012, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199327836.001.0001
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199327836.001.0001

Radushev E., Ottoman Border Periphery (Serhad) in the Nikopol Vilayet, First Half of the 16th Century, “Études balkaniques” 31.3–4, 1995, p. 140–160.
Google Scholar

Radušev E., Pomacite. Hristijanstvo i isljam v Zapadnite Rodopi s dolinata na r. Mesta, XV – 30-te g. na XVIII v., vol. I, Sofija 2005.
Google Scholar

Repp R., Qānūn and Sharīʿa in the Ottoman Context, [in:] Islamic Law. Social and Historical Contexts, ed. A. Al-Azimeh, London 1988, p. 124–145.
Google Scholar

Repp R., The Müfti of Istanbul. A Study in the Development of the Ottoman Learned Hierarchy, London 1986.
Google Scholar

Rusev D., Kemālpaşazāde’s History of Medieval Bulgaria: A Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Recension of the Bulgarian Apocryphal Chronicle (Tale of the Prophet Isaiah), [in:] Laudator temporis acti. Studia in memoriam Ioannis A. Božilov, vol. I, ed. I. A. Biliarsky, Sofia 2018, p. 435–510.
Google Scholar

Rusev D., Svedenijata na Enveri za Kera Tamara i hronologijata na nejnija brak s Murad I, “Bulgaria Mediaevalis” 12, 2021, p. 67–107.
Google Scholar

Sariyannis M., A History of Ottoman Political Thought up to the Early Nineteenth Century, with a chapter by E. E.T. Atiyas, Leiden 2019 [= Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East, 125].
Google Scholar

Schmidt J., Pure Water for Thirsty Muslims. A Study of Muṣṭafā ʿĀlī of Gallipoli’s Künhü l-aḫbār, Leiden 1991.
Google Scholar

Stavrides T., The Sultan of Vezirs. The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453–1474), Leiden 2001, https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004492332
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004492332

Tezcan B., Ottoman Historical Writing, [in:] The Oxford History of Historical Writing, vol. III, 1400–1800, ed. J. Rebasa et al., New York 2012, p. 192–211, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199219179.003.0010
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199219179.003.0010

Vasić M., Martolosi u jugoslovenskim zemljama pod turskom vladavinom, Banja Luka 2005.
Google Scholar

Wittek P., The Taking of the Aydos Castle: A Ghazi Legend and its Transformation, [in:] Arabic and Islamic Studies in Honor of Hamilton A. R. Gibb, ed. G. Makdisi, Leiden 1965, p. 662–672, https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004619159_053
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004619159_053

Woodhead C., An Experiment in Official Historiography: The Post of Şehnāmeci in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1555–1605, “Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes” 75, 1983, p. 157–182.
Google Scholar

Woodhead C., Reading Ottoman Şehnames: Official Historiography in the Late Sixteenth Century, “Studia Islamica” 104/105, 2007, p. 67–80.
Google Scholar

Zirojević O., Carigradski drum od Beograda do Sofije (1459–1683), Beograd 1970.
Google Scholar