Garum, Fish Blood Taboos in the Judaeo-Christian World and the Evolving Nature of Ancient Fish Sauce

Sally Grainger

doi:10.18778/2084-140X.14.01

Autor

Sally Grainger https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-6032

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2084-140X.14.01

Słowa kluczowe:

garum, ancient fish sauce, Roman and Greek cuisine, taboos

Abstrakt

Spożywanie sfermentowanego sosu rybnego stanowi podstawowy element kuchni rzymskiej i greckiej na każdym poziomie społeczeństwa, a jeśli chodzi o dystrybucję amfor, był on popularny i powszechnie spożywany w każdym regionie imperium. Wydaje się, że w późnym okresie rzymskim dostępne sosy rybne uległy subtelnej ewolucji w sposób odzwierciedlający różne podejście do spożycia rybiej krwi. Sosy fermentowane przy użyciu rodzimych enzymów trawiennych z wnętrzności są w niektórych przypadkach odrzucane i zastępowane znanymi już solankami z patroszonych i dojrzewających solonych ryb. Zmiany te, choć trudne do zauważenia, mogą być częściowo związane z judeochrześcijańskim zakazem spożywania krwi, która, choć zwykle kojarzona z mięsem, może być również rozumiana jako odnosząca się do krwi rybiej. Te odmienne podejście do sosu rybnego w odniesieniu do krwi można znaleźć w ortodoksyjnych społecznościach żydowskich i chrześcijańskich w Palestynie, Syrii i na Cyprze. Wydaje się, że w późnej republice/wczesnym imperium istniały trzy rodzaje sosów i ogromne różnice w jakości w zależności od użytego gatunku, obecności lub braku krwi i wnętrzności, zasolenia i czasu trwania fermentacji. Wydaje się, że za czasów bizantyjskich Greków istniała ciągłość w spożyciu sosu fermentowanego enzymatycznie, choć nie tak rozpowszechniona, podczas gdy na Zachodzie sos rybny stał się w niektórych kręgach niepopularny i deficytowy w handlu. Ten okres przejściowy między powszechną popularnością i konsumpcją w Cesarstwie Rzymskim a nieregularnym niedoborem na chrześcijańskim Zachodzie jest omawiany w tym artykule w odniesieniu do postrzegania zakazów żywnościowych.

Pobrania

Brak dostępnych danych do wyświetlenia.

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