A Note on the Balto-Slavic and Indo-European Background of the Proto-Slavic Adjective *svętъ ‘Holy’

Marek Majer

doi:10.18778/2084-140X.07.09

Authors

Marek Majer Harvard University, Department of Linguistics, Boylston Hall, 3rd floor 02138 Cambridge, MA, USA http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0885-5789

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2084-140X.07.09

Keywords:

saint, etymology, Proto-Slavic, Proto-Indo-European, Caland System

Abstract

The standard etymological explanation of the Proto-Slavic adjective *svętъ ‘holy, saint’ – a word of extreme literary, cultural and religious importance in the Slavic world – concentrates on the formal match with Lithuanian šventas ‘id.’ and Avestan spəṇta‑ ‘life-giving, holy’ (PIE *ḱwen‑to‑, from the root *ḱwen‑). This article highlights the verbal formation seen in Latvian svinêtsvin svinẽjo ‘celebrate, venerate’, generally recognized as another reflex of the root *ḱwen‑ in Balto-Slavic, but without due attention to the formal implications. It is argued that both in Av. and in BSl. the adjective spəṇta‑/*svętъ behaves as an item participating in the so-called ‘Caland System’ (a set of arbitrary morphological alternations reconstructible for Proto-Indo-European).

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