Bulgarians, Cumans, Teutons, and Vlachs in the First Decades of the Thirteenth Century

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2084-140X.12.05

Keywords:

Second Bulgarian Tsardom, Cumans, Vlachs, Teutonic Order, Burzenland

Abstract

The article refers to some aspects of the history of today’s Bulgarian and Romanian territories, going back to the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th century. First, the author emphasizes the impact of the Teutonic Order in Burzenland on Bulgarian-Cuman relations in the period under question. The article provides a different alternative viewpoint on the events of the second decade of the 13th century. Contrary to researchers who focus on the South and the Bulgarian-Latin conflict, the author seeks a solution to the problem by analyzing events in the North, reaching the lands of Burzenland region in Eastern Transylvania. He analyses the Teutonic-Cuman conflict of 1211–1222 and the success of the Teutons in Cumania after 1215. The author concludes that the dramatic change in the Bulgarian-Cuman relations could be explained by a new source of military and political influence that emerged in the second decade of the 13th century – the Teutonic Order. Next, the paper is aimed at the highly discussed and controversial issue of Bulgarian-Vlach relations during the rule of the Assenid dynasty. Based on the written sources, the author explains the mass presence of Vlachs in the actions of the first Assenids with specific social, economic and political factors in the last two decades of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th century.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anri djo Valansien, Istorija na imperator Anri, Sofija 2009.
Google Scholar

Documente privind istoria României, Veacul XI, XII şi XIII. C. Transilvania, vol. I, 1075–1250, Bucureşti 1951.
Google Scholar

Georgii Acropolitae Historia, Sofija 1972 [= Fontes graeci historiae bulgaricae, 8], p. 151–213.
Google Scholar

Innocentius III papa – Caloiohannes rex. Latinski izvori za bălgarskata istorija, vol. III, Sofija 1965.
Google Scholar

Litterae Henrici Constantinopolitani imperatoris ad dominum papam de debellatione Voullae apud Philipopolim, [in:] Patrologiae cursus completus, Series latina, ed. J.-P. Migne, vol. CCXV, Paris 1855, col. 1522–1523.
Google Scholar

Nicetae Choniatae Historia, Sofija 1983 [= Fontes graeci historiae bulgaricae, 11], p. 8–94.
Google Scholar

Robert de Clari, La conquête de Constantinople, Paris 1974.
Google Scholar

Theodori Scutariotae Compendium chronicum, Sofija 1972 [= Fontes graeci historiae bulgaricae, 8], p. 214–304.
Google Scholar

Žofroa djo Vilarduen, Zavladjavaneto na Konstantinopol, Sofija 1985.
Google Scholar

Curta F., Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii Cruciadei a IV–a. Până unde răzbate ecoul discuţiilor intelectuale de la Constantinopol? The Image of the Vlachs from the Chroniclers of the Fourth Crusade. How Far does the Echo of Constantinopolitan Intellectual Debates Reach?, “Arheologia Moldovei” 1, 2015, p. 25–68.
Google Scholar

Dall’Aglio F., The Interaction between Nomadic and Sedentary Peoples on the Lower Danube: the Cumans and the “Second Bulgarian Empire”, [in:] The Steppe Lands and the World beyond them. Studies in Honor of Victor Spinei on his 70th Birthday, Iași 2013, p. 299–315.
Google Scholar

Dall’Aglio F., The Military Alliance between the Cumans and Bulgaria from the Establishment of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom to the Mongol Invasion, “Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi” 16, 2008–2009, p. 29–54.
Google Scholar

Dancheva-Vasileva A., Bălgarija i Latinskata imperija (1204–1261), Sofija 1985.
Google Scholar

Dimitrov Hr., Bălgaro-ungarski otnošenija prez Srednovekovieto, Sofija 1998.
Google Scholar

Hautala P., Chapters of the Hungarian King Andrew II granted to the Teutonic Knights in Transylvania: Latin Texts, Translation into Russian, and Commentaries, “Golden Horde Civilization” 8, 2015, p. 13–31.
Google Scholar

Hautala P., Papskie poslanija v Vengriju, kasajuščiesja perebyvanija tevtonskich rycarej v Transilvanii (1211–1225), “Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana” 1, 2015, p. 96–114.
Google Scholar

Hautala P., The Teutonic Knights’ Military Confrontation with the Cumans during their Stay in Transylvania (1211–1225), “Golden Horde Civilization” 8, 2015, p. 80–90.
Google Scholar

Iliev N., Otnosno vremeto na potušavaneto na bunta sreštu car Boril văv Vidin, [in:] Izvestija na muzeite v Severozapadna Bălgarija, vol. IX, Sofija 1984, p. 85–94.
Google Scholar

Ionita A., Structures de pouvoir et populations au Nord du Danube aux Xe–XIIIe siècles reflétées par les découvertes funéraires, “Transylvanian Review” 19.5, 2010, p. 115–134.
Google Scholar

Ivanov I., Svoi i čuždi: obrazăt na ungarči, huni, bălgari, gărtsi, kumani, tatari, sărbi i vlasi v „Chronica Picta” ot XIV v., [in:] Studia Balcanica, vol. XXXII, Sofija 2017, p. 153–164.
Google Scholar

Knjazjkij I. O., Polovtsy v Dnestrovsko-Karpatskich zemljach i Nižnem Podunav’e v konce XII-pervych desjatiletijach XIII v. Social’no-ekonomičeskaja i političeskaja istorija Moldavii perioda feodalizma, Kišinev 1988, p. 22–32.
Google Scholar

Longnon J., Les compagnons de Villehardouin. Recherches sur les croisés de la quatrième croisade, Genève 1978.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/jds.1977.1354

Madgearu A., The Asanids. The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1280), Leiden 2017 [= East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450, 41], https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004333192
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004333192

Nikolov A., Cumani Bellatores in the Second Bulgarian State (1185–1396), [in:] Annual of the Medieval Studies Department, vol. XI, Budapest 2005, p. 223–229.
Google Scholar

Papacostea Ş., Românii în secolul al XIII-lea între Cruciată şi Imperiul Mongol, Bucureşti 1993.
Google Scholar

Pavlov Pl., Srednovekovna Bălgarija i Kumanite. Voennopolitičeski otnošenija (1186–1241), “Трудове на Великотърновския Университет ‘Св. св. Кирил и Методий’” / “Trudove na Velikotarnovskiya Universitet ‘Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiy’” 27, 1989, p. 9–59.
Google Scholar

Prinzing G., Der Brief Kaiser Heinrichs von Konstantinopel vom 13. Januar 1212. Uberlieferungsgeschichte, Neyedition und Kommentar, “Byzantion” 43, 1973, p. 48–51.
Google Scholar

Rasovskij D., Rolj polovcev v vojnah Asenej s Vizantijskoj i Latinskoj imperijami (1186–1207 gg.), “Списание на Българската академия на науките” / “Spisanie na Bălgarskata akademija na naukite” 58, 1939, p. 203–211.
Google Scholar

Spinei V., Moldavia in the 11th–14th Centuries, Bucharest 1986.
Google Scholar

Spinei V., The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-thirteenth Century, Leiden 2009 [= East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450, 6], https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004175365.i-482
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004175365.i-482

Stoyanov V., Kumans in Bulgarian History (Eleventh–Fourteenth Centuries), [in:] The Turks, vol. I, Early Ages, part 9, Turks in East Europe, Ankara 2002, p. 680–689.
Google Scholar

Tsankova-Petkova G., Bălgarija pri Asenevci, Sofija 1978.
Google Scholar

Vásáry I., Cumans and Tatars. Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365, Cambridge 2005, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511496622
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511496622

Zimmermann H., Der Deutsche Orden im Burzenland. Eine diplomatische Untersuchung, Köln 2000.
Google Scholar

Zlatarski V., Istorija na bălgarskata dăržava preză sr(ě)dnită v(ě)kove, vol. III, Vtoro bălgarsko carstvo. Bălgarija pri As(ě)nevtsi (1187–1280), Sofija 1972.
Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2022-10-12

How to Cite

Ivanov, I. (2022). Bulgarians, Cumans, Teutons, and Vlachs in the First Decades of the Thirteenth Century. Studia Ceranea, 12, 491–505. https://doi.org/10.18778/2084-140X.12.05

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.