Optimizing the Epistemological Potential of Focus Groups in Research on a Contested Issue

Jan K. Coetzee; P. Conrad Kotze

doi:10.18778/1733-8077.10.2.02

Authors

Jan K. Coetzee University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
P. Conrad Kotze University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.10.2.02

Keywords:

Communicative Interaction, Conflict, Conversational Exchange, Constructivism, Epistemology, Exchange, Interaction Ritual, Negotiated Knowledge, Power and Agency, Sociable Interaction

Abstract

This article explores the potential of the focus group to generate analyzable social interaction. We investigate the ways in which group interaction may lead to new insights using examples from a 2011 study on transformation at a South African university campus. Certain aspects of sociable interaction, such as communicative interaction, power and agency, conflict, as well as exchange are touched upon and their roles in the intersubjective construction of reality are emphasized.

We also look at the role of the facilitator in setting up a successful focus group session and the ways in which a naturalistic interactional setting may compensate for the relative unnatural nature of the group situation. Our argument is for the realization of the potential of the focus group as a qualitative method of data collection that is inherently geared towards generating understanding of contested issues, as it allows for an exciting positioning of the researcher between that of interviewer and participant observer, readily able to experience interactional exchange first hand while subtly directing the group conversation into areas of special interest. We believe that the unique epistemological possibilities of the focus group merit a re-engagement with the method by any social scientist interested in the dynamics underlying the social construction of reality, as it offers a window into the ways in which unfolding reality is intersubjectively contested, debated, and finally agreed upon.

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Author Biographies

Jan K. Coetzee, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

Jan K. Coetzee is a Senior Professor of Sociology at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa and the director of the research program on The Narrative Study of Lives. He specializes in qualitative methodology, as well as interpretivist sociological theory. His recent work focuses on trauma narratives and intersubjectively constituted memory.

P. Conrad Kotze, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

Conrad Kotze is a Prestige Doctoral Candidate and an Assistant Lecturer in the program on The Narrative Study of Lives at the same university. His interests include qualitative methodology, phenomenology, integral theory, and the philosophy of science. His recent work focuses on storytelling in the construction of identity.

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