Exploring the association between body mass index and dental caries in 3–7-year-old children, living in Łódź, Poland

Agnieszka Bruzda-Zwiech; Beata Borowska-Strugińska; Renata Filipińska; Elżbieta Żądzińska; Beata Lubowiedzka-Gontarek; Beata Szydłowska-Walendowska; Magdalena Wochna-Sobańska

doi:10.1515/anre-2017-0003

Authors

Agnieszka Bruzda-Zwiech Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
Beata Borowska-Strugińska Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Poland
Renata Filipińska Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
Elżbieta Żądzińska Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Poland
Beata Lubowiedzka-Gontarek Teaching Hospital No. 6, Department of Pedodontics, Dental Institute in Łódź, Poland
Beata Szydłowska-Walendowska Teaching Hospital No. 6, Department of Pedodontics, Dental Institute in Łódź, Poland
Magdalena Wochna-Sobańska Teaching Hospital No. 6, Department of Pedodontics, Dental Institute in Łódź, Poland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1515/anre-2017-0003

Keywords:

BMI-for age, dental caries, primary teeth, permanent teeth, childhood

Abstract

Dental caries and childhood obesity are major problems affecting the health of children and preventing these conditions in children have been recognized as public health priorities (Hong et al. 2008; Odgien et al. 2010). The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between age-specific body mass index (BMI-for age) and dental caries in 3- to 7-year-olds. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 729 children from randomly chosen kindergartens and elementary schools in the urban area of Lodz, Poland. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the BMI-for-age was calculated for each child. Dental examinations were performed according to the WHO criteria. The sum of decayed, missing, filled primary/ permanent teeth and surfaces - dmft/DMFT and dmft/DMFTS, and caries prevalence were computed. The percentage distribution of the BMI categories in the study group was: 72.7% normal weight, 8.92% underweight, 12.89% overweight and 5.49% obese. Caries prevalence in the primary dentition was significantly lower in underweight children than in those who were of normal weight (p=0.004) or were overweight (p=0.039). However, controlling for age and gender, no significant association was noted between BMI and caries prevalence in either dentition group. The Kruskal-Wallis test failed to reveal any significant differences in mean dmft across the four BMI groups in the whole population, nor within particular age groups, nor in DMFT in 5- to 7-year-olds. There was no association between BMI and dental caries either in the primary dentition or permanent teeth in the early period after eruption.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

BSPD and IADPD. 2003. British Society of Paediatric Dentistry: a policy document on health care in preschool children. Int J Paediatr Dent 13:279–85.

Chen W, Chen P, Chen SC, Shih WT, Hu HC. 1998. Lack of association between obesity and dental caries in three-year-old children. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 39:109–11.

Cinar AB, Christensen LB, Hede B. 2011. Clustering of obesity and dental caries with lifestyle factors among Danish adolescents. Oral Health Prev Dent 9:123–30.

Cole T, Bellizzi M, Flegal K, Dietz W. 2000. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 320:1240–3.

Cole TJ, Flegal KM, Nicholls D, Jackson A. 2007. Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey. BMJ 335:194–7.

D’Mello G, Chia L, Hamilton SD, Thomson WM, Drummon BK. 2011. Childhood obesity and dental caries among paediatric dental clinic attenders. Int J Paediatr Dent 21:217–22.

Dietz WH. 1998. Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatrics 101:518–25.

Dietz WH. 2001. The obesity epidemic in young children. Reduce television viewing and promote playing. BMJ 322:313–4.

Dybiżbańska E, Zawadziński M, Pierzynowska E, Ganowicz M, Adamowicz-Klepalska M, Wierzbicka M. 2003. Występowanie próchnicy u 3- i 6-letnich dzieci w Polsce. Czas Stomatol 56:510–5.

El-Ghannam AR. 2003. The global problems of child malnutrition and mortality in different world regions. J Health Soc Policy 16:1–26.

Eriksson J, Forsén T, Osmond C, Barker D. 2003. Obesity from cradle to grave. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 27:722–7.

Gerdin EW, Angbratt M, Aronsson K, Eriksson E, Johansson I. 2008. Dental caries and body mass index by socio-economic status in Swedish children. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol 36:459–65.

Granville-Garcia AF, De Menezes VA, De Lira PI, Ferreira JM, Leite-Cavalcanti A. 2008. Obesity and dental caries among preschool children in Brazil. Rev Salud Publica 10:788–95.

Hayden C, Bowler JO, Chambers S, Freeman R, Humphris G, Richards D, Cecil JE. 2013. Obesity and dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 41:289–308.

Hong L, Ahmed A, Mccunniff M, Overman P, Mathew M. 2008. Obesity and dental caries in children aged 2–6 years in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002. J Public Health Dent 68:227–33.

Hooley M, Skouteris H, Boganin C, Satur J, Kilpatrick N. 2012. Body mass index and dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review of literature published 2004 to 2011. Syst Rev 21:1–57.

Jebb SA, Rennie KL, Cole TJ. 2004. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people in Great Britain. Public Health Nutr 7:461–5.

Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, Auinger P, Billings RJ, Weitzman M. 2008. Caries status and overweight in 2- to 18-year-old US children: findings from national surveys. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 36:157–67.

Kuepper-Nybelen J, Lamerz A, Bruning N, Hebebrand J, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Brenner H. 2005. Major differences in prevalence of overweight according to nationality in preschool children living in Germany: determinants and public health implications. Arch Dis Child 90:359–63.

Lazzeri G, Rossi S, Pammolli A, Pilato V, Pozzi T, Giacchi MV. 2008. Underweight and overweight among children and adolescents in Tuscany (Italy). Prevalence and short-term trends. J Prev Med Hyg 49:13–21.

Lobstein T, Frelut ML. Prevalence of overweight among children in Europe. 2003. Obes Rev 4:195–200.

Macek M.D., Mitola D.J. (2006) Exploring the association between overweight and dental caries among US children. Pediatr Dent 28:375–80.

Maffeis C, Consolaro A, Cavarzere P, Chini L, Banzato C, Grezzani A, Silvagni D, Salzano G, De Luca F, Tatò L. 2006. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 2- to 6-year-old Italian children. Obesity 14:765–9.

Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB. 2006. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 84:274–88.

Mazur A, Rogozińska E, Mróz K, Ragan M, Mazur D, Małecka-Tendera E. 2008. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children from Rzeszow region. Endokrynologia, Otyłość i Zaburzenia Przemiany Materii 4:159–62.

Norberg C, Hallström Stalin U, Matsson L, Thorngren-Jerneck K, Klingberg G. 2012. Body mass index (BMI) and dental caries in 5-year-old children from southern Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 40:315–22.

Obesity in Europe - 3 International Obesity Task Force EU Platform Briefing Paper. March15, 2005. Available at: www.iotf.org

Ogden CL, Lamb MM, Carroll MD, Flegal KM. 2010. Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United States, 2005–2008. NCHS Data Brief 51:1–8.

Olds T, Maher C, Zumin S, Péneau S, Lioret S, Castetbon K, Bellisle De Wilde J, Hohepa M, Maddison R, Lissner L, Sjöberg A, Zimmermann M, Aeberli I, Ogden C., Flegal, K, Summerbell C. 2011. Evidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine countries. Int J Pediatr Obes 6:342-60.

Oral Health Surveys. Basic Methods. 4th edition. 1997. Geneva: WHO.

Pan H, Cole TJ. 2011. LMS growth, a Microsoft Excel add-in to access growth references based on the LMS method. Version 2.74. Available at: http://www.healthforallchildren.co.uk

Rolland-Cachera MF, Castetbon K, Arnault N, Bellisle F, Romano MC, Lehingue Y, Frelut ML, Hercberg S. 2002. Body mass index in 7–9-year-old French children: frequency of obesity, overweight and thinness. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 26:1610–6.

Sheller B, Churchill SS, Williams BJ, Davidson B. 2009. Body mass index of children with severe early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent 31:216–21.

Strużycka I, Wierzbicka M, Jodkowska E, Rusyan E, Ganowicz E, Fidecki M. 2014. Oral health and prophylactic-therapeutic needs of children aged 6 years in Poland in 2012. Przegl Epidemiol 68:53 - 57.

Trikaliotis A, Boka V, Kotsanos N, Karagiannis V, Hassapidou M. 2011. dmfs and BMI in pre-school Greek children. An epidemiological study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 12:176–8.

Vázquez-Nava F, Vázquez-Rodríguez EM, Saldívar-González AH, Lin-Ochoa D, Martinez-Perales GM, Joffre-Velázquez VM. 2010. Association between obesity and dental caries in a group of preschool children in Mexico. J Public Health Dent 70:124–30.

Wang Y, Lobstein T. 2006. Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. Int J Pediatr Obes 1:11–25.

Wang Y, Wang JQ. 2002. A comparison of international references for the assessment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity in different populations. Eur J Clin Nutr 56:973–82.

Wang Y, Monteiro C, Popkin BM. 2002. Trends of obesity and underweight in older children and adolescents in the United States, Brazil, China and Russia. Am J Clin Nutr 75:971–7.

Willershausen B, Moschos D, Azrak B, Blettner M. 2007. Correlation between oral health and body mass index (BMI) in 2071 primary school pupils. Eur J Med Res 12:295–9.

Woodward M, Walker AR. 1994. Sugar consumption and dental caries: evidence from 90 countries. Brit Dent J 176: 297–302.