UNESCO World Heritage Site Designation: Transforming Tourism Spaces. A Site Communtty’s Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.18.2.01Keywords:
UNESCO World Heritage Sites, cultural heritage tourism, cultural change, rural community sustalnabilityAbstract
Often, a catalyst emerges as a stimulating force behind rapid tourism development. This catalyst frequently takes shape as an unusual occurrence. event or attraction, and becomes a trigger for vigorous political and economic development activity to transform new spaces for tourism. In one small rural community in Nova Scotia, Canada, this catalyst was its designation in 1995 as UNESCO World Heritage Site. This article presents research that examined residents' attitudes and perceptions about their UNESCO designation, tourism development, impacts and change in the community ten years after the prestigious award.
Downloads
References
Allen, L., Long, P., Perdue, R. & Kieselbach, S., 1988, The impact of tourism development on resident’s perceptions of community life. Journal of Travel Research, 27(1), pp. 16-21.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758802700104
APEC, 200, Declaration on tourism, Seoul, Korea: APEC.
Google Scholar
Barthel-Bouchier, D., 2001, Authenticity and indetity, International Sociology, 16(2): pp. 221-239.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580901016002006
Blank, U., 1989, The community tourism industry imperative. Venture Publishing: State College.
Google Scholar
Brohman, J., 1996, New directions in tourism for third world development, Annals of Tourism Research, 23, pp. 48-70.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00043-7
Cheyne, J. & Mason, P., 2000, Residents’' attitudes to proposed tourism development, Annals of Tourism Research. 27(2), pp. 391-411.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00084-5
Cooper, C., Fletcher, J, Dilbert, D, Shepherd, R & Wanhill, S., 1998, Tourism: principles and practice, second edn., Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman Limited.
Google Scholar
Davidson, R., 1993, Tourism, England, UK: Longman.
Google Scholar
George, E.W., 1995, Diversification strategies of oneindustry towns: the case of one Nova Scotia community, Master’s Thesis, Halifax, NS: Saint Mary’s University.
Google Scholar
George, EW., 2004, Commodifying local culture for tourism development and community sustainability: the case of one rural community ln Atlantic Canada, Doctoral Dissertation, Guelph, ON: University of Guelph.
Google Scholar
Gunn, C., 1988, Tourism planning, New York, NY: Taylor and Francis.
Google Scholar
Gursoy, D. & Rutherford, D.G., 2004, Host attitudes toward tourism: an improved structural model, Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), pp. 495-516.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.08.008
Gursoy, D., Jurowski, C. & Usyal, M., 2002, Resident attitudes: a structural modeling approach, Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), pp. 79-105.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00028-7
Haas, T. & Nachtigal, P., 1998, Place value, Charleston, West Virginia: Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools (ERIC).
Google Scholar
Kroeber, A.L., 1948, Anthropology: race, language, culture, psychology, prehistory, Harcourt, Brace and World Inc.: New York and Burlingame.
Google Scholar
Liu, J. & Var, T., 1986, Resident attitudes toward tourism impacts in Hawaii, Annals of Tourism Research, 13, pp. 193-214.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(86)90037-X
Mathews, H.G., 1978, International tourism: apolitical and social analysis, Cambridge, MA: Schenkman.
Google Scholar
McIntosh, A.J., Hinch, T. & Ingram, T., 2002, Cultural identity and tourism, International Journal of Arts Management, 4, pp. 39-49.
Google Scholar
Milne, S., & Ateljevic, I., 2001, Tourism, economic development and the global-local nexus: Theory embracing complexity, Tourism Geographies, 3(4), pp. 369-393.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/146166800110070478
Mubarak, M.H., 2002, President Mubarak’s concept of tourism http://www.touregypt.net/mubarak.htm (3 XI 2008).
Google Scholar
Murphy, P.E., 1985, Tourism: a community approach, New York: Methuen.
Google Scholar
Pearce, P.L., Moscardo, G. & Ross, G.F., 1996, Tourism community relationships, Queensland, Australia: Pergamon: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Google Scholar
Perdue, R. Long, P. & Allen, L., 1987, Rural resident tourism perceptions and attitudes, Annals of Tourism Research, 14, pp. 420-429.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(87)90112-5
Perez, EA. & Nadal, J.R., 2005, Host community perceptions: a cluster analysis, Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), pp. 925-941.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.11.004
Pizam, A., 1978, Tourist impacts: the social costs to the destination community as perceived by its residents, Journal of Travel Research, 16(4), pp. 8-12.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728757801600402
Proshansky, H.M., Fabian, A.K. & Kaminoff, R., 1983, Place-identity: physical world socialization of the self, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3, pp. 57-83.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(83)80021-8
Reid, D., Mair, H., George, E.W. & Tayor, J., 2001, Visiting your future: A manual, Guelph, Ontario: OATI.
Google Scholar
Ritchie, B.W. & Inkari, M., 2006, Host community attitudes toward tourism and cultural tourism development: the case of the Lewes District, Southern England, International Journal of Tourism Research, 8, pp. 27-44.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.545
Ritchie, J.R.B., 1988, Consensus policy formulation in tourism: measuring resident views via survey research, Tourism Management 9, pp. 199-212.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(88)90037-4
Robinson, M., 1999, Is cultural tourism on the right track?, UNESCO Courier.
Google Scholar
Schein, E.H., 1985, Organizational cultural and leadership, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Google Scholar
Seligman, M.E.P., 1975, Helplessness, San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman.
Google Scholar
Simon, D., 1989, Sustainable development: theoretical construct or attainable goal?, Environmental Conservation, 16, pp. 41-48.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892900008493
Smith, L.G., 1984, Public participation in policymaking: the state-of-the art in Canada, Geoforum, 15, pp. 253-259.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7185(84)90036-8
Smith, V.L., 1989, Hosts and guests: the anthropology of tourism, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812208016
Taylor, J., 2001, Authenticity and sincerity in tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 28, pp. 7-26.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00004-9
Tosun, C., 2002, Host perceptions of impacts: a comparative tourism study, Annals of Tourism Research, 29, pp. 231-245.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00039-1
UNESCO, 2002, Operational guidelines for the Implementation of the world heritage convention, France: UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
Google Scholar
Urry, J., 1990, The tourism gaze: leisure and travel in contemporary societies, London: Sage.
Google Scholar
Var, T. & Ap, J., 1998, Tourism and world peace, [in:| William F. Theobald (ed.), Global tourism. second edn., pp. 45-47.
Google Scholar
Williams, J. & Lawson, R., 2001. Community Issues and resident opinions of tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 28(2), pp. 269-290.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00030-X
Yu, L. & Chung. M.H., 2001, Tourism as a catalytic force for low-politics activities between politically divided countries: The cases of South/North Korea and Taiwan/China. New Political Science, 23, p. 4.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07393140120099624
Ziff, B. & Pratima, V.R., 1997, Borrowed power: Essays on cultural appropriation, New Brunswick. NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.