“Where do these terrible diseases and pestilences come from?”. Illness in the Roman World in Light of the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius of Caesarea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/2084-140X.12.17Słowa kluczowe:
Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiatical History, illness, Roman EmpireAbstrakt
Eusebius of Caesarea did not put diseases at the center of his introduction to Church History. He used them instrumentally to promote his theses. Therefore, he neither referred to the medical knowledge of that time nor did he conduct their scientific classification or description. Nevertheless, Eusebius’ account contains observations about the sick and their afflictions. The Bishop of Caesarea clearly distinguished between diseases suffered by individuals and those that plagued the masses. In addition, they can be divided into diseases of the body, diseases of the mind, and diseases of the soul. Eusebius treated disease as a tool in God’s hands, with the help of which He intervened in history for the benefit of Christians. For Eusebius, the best physician of the body and soul was Jesus Christ, who, with his miraculous power, healed all diseases, expelled unclean spirits and demons, and even raised the dead.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum gestarum libri qui supersunt, vol. I–II, ed. C. V. Clark, Berlin 1910–1915.
Google Scholar
Aurelius Victor, Liber de caesaribus, rec. F. Pichlmayer, R. Gründer, Leipzig 1970 [= Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana].
Google Scholar
Cassius Dio, Historia Romana, ed. U.Ph. Boissevain, Berlin 1931.
Google Scholar
Cyprianus Carthaginensis, De mortalitate, ed. G. Hartel, [in:] Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum, vol. III.1, Vindobonae 1868, p. 295–314.
Google Scholar
Eutropius, Breviarium, trans., comm. H. W. Bird, Liverpool 1993.
Google Scholar
Euzebiusz z Cezarei, Historia kościelna, trans. A. Caba, based on the trans. by A. Lisiecki, ed. H. Pietras, Kraków 2013 [= Źródła Myśli Teologicznej, 70].
Google Scholar
Hippocrates, De natura hominis, ed. J. Jouanna, Berlin 2002.
Google Scholar
Hippocrates, Epidemics, ed., trans. W. D. Smith, Cambridge 1994 [= Loeb Classical Library, 477].
Google Scholar
Histoire Auguste. Les empereurs romains des IIe et IIIe siècles, ed. A. Chastagnol, Paris 1994.
Google Scholar
Homer, The Iliad, trans. A. T. Murray, London–Cambridge Mass. 1960.
Google Scholar
Ioannis Zonarae Epitome historiarum libri XIII–XVIII, rec. T. Büttner Wobst, Bonnae 1897 [= Corpus scriptorum historiae byzantinae].
Google Scholar
Iordanis Getica, [in:] Monumenta Germaniae historica, Auctores antiquissimi, vol. V.1, ed. T. Mommsen, Berolini 1882.
Google Scholar
Iosephus Flavius, Antiquitates Iudaicae, ed. B. Niese, [in:] Flavii Iosephi Opera, vol. I–IV, Berlin 1955.
Google Scholar
Iosephus Flavius, De bello Iudaico, ed. B. Niese, [in:] Flavii Iosephi Opera, vol. VI, Berlin 1955.
Google Scholar
Lactantius, De mortibus persecutorum, ed. J. Moreau, Paris 1954.
Google Scholar
Origène, Contre Celse, vol. II (Livres III et IV), ed., praef. M. Borret, Paris 1968 [= Sources chrétiennes, 136].
Google Scholar
Origo Constantini. Anonymus Valesianus, vol. I, Text und Kommentar, ed. I. König, Trier 1987.
Google Scholar
Orose, Histoires (Contre les Païens), vol. III, ed., trans. M.-P. Arnaud-Lindet, Paris 1991 [= Collection des Universités de France. Série grecque, 297].
Google Scholar
Philo Alexandrinus, De vita contemplativa, praef. F. Daumas, trans. P. Miquel, Paris 1963 [= Les Oeuvres de Philon d’Alexandrie, 29].
Google Scholar
Tertullianus, Apologeticum, ed. E. Dekkers, Turnholti 1954, p. 77–171.
Google Scholar
Zosime, Histoire nouvelle, vol. I, ed., trans. F. Paschoud, Paris 1979 [= Collection des Universités de France].
Google Scholar
Barnes T. D., The Date of Herod’s Death, “The Journal of Theological Studies” 19, 1968, p. 204–209, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XIX.1.204
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XIX.1.204
Barnes T. D., The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine, London 1982, https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674280670
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674280670
Biedroń W., Społeczność terapeutów i esseńczyków (II w. p.n.e. – I w. n.e.), Warszawa 2013.
Google Scholar
Birley A. R., Marcus Aurelius. A Biography, New York 2000.
Google Scholar
Bruun Ch., The Antonine Plague and the “Third-Century Crisis”, [in:] Crises and the Roman Empire. Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Nijmegen, June 20–24 2006), ed. O. Hekster, G. de Kleijn, D. Slootjes, Leiden–Boston 2007, p. 201–218, https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004160507.i-448.44
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004160507.i-448.44
Carotenuto E., Tradizione e innovazione nella Historia ecclesiastica di Eusebio di Cesarea, Naples 2001.
Google Scholar
Cook P., Lactantius on the Death of Galerius: A Re-Reading of De Mortibus Persecutorum 33, “Vigiliae christianae” 73, 2019, p. 385–403, https://doi.org/10.1163/15700720-12341405
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15700720-12341405
Czajkowski K., Eckhardt B., Herod and the Worms, [in:] Herod in History. Nicolaus of Damascus and the Augustan Context, Oxford 2021, p. 165–174, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845214.003.0008
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845214.003.0008
Deutsch C., The Therapeutae, Text Work, Ritual and Mystical Experience, [in:] Paradise Now. Essays on Early Jewish and Christian Mysticism, ed. A. de Deconick, Atlanta 2006, p. 287–310.
Google Scholar
DeVore D. J., “The only event mightier than everyone’s hope”: Classical Historiography and Eusebius’ Plague Narrative, “Histos” 14, 2020, p. 1–34.
Google Scholar
Duncan-Jones R. P., The Antonine Plague Revisited, “Arctos” 52, 2018, p. 41–72.
Google Scholar
Duncan-Jones R. P., The Impact of the Antonine Plague, “Journal of Roman Archaeology” 9, 1996, p. 108–136, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047759400016524
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047759400016524
Eusebius of Caesarea. Tradition and Innovations, ed. A. Johnson, J. Schott, Washington 2013 [= Hellenic Studies].
Google Scholar
Fears J. R., The Plague under Marcus Aurelius and the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, “Infectious Disease Clinics of North America” 18, 2004, p. 65–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00089-8
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00089-8
Flemming R., Galen and the Plague, [in:] Galen’s Treatise Περὶ Ἀλυπίας (De indolentia) in Context. A Tale of Resilience, ed. C. Petit, Leiden 2019 [= Studies in Ancient Medicine, 52], p. 219–244, https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004383302_011
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004383302_011
Frank R., Eusebius of Caesarea, [in:] Historians of the Christian Tradition, ed. M. Bauman, M. I. Klauber, Nashville 1995, p. 59–78.
Google Scholar
Gilliam J. F., The Plague under Marcus Aurelius, “American Journal of Philology” 82.3, 1961, p. 225–251, https://doi.org/10.2307/292367
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/292367
Grmek M. D., Historia chorób u zarania cywilizacji zachodniej, trans. A. B. Matusiak, Warszawa 2002.
Google Scholar
Harper K., Pandemics and Passages to Late Antiquity: Rethinking the Plague of c. 249–270 described by Cyprian, “Journal of Roman Archaeology” 28, 2015, p. 223–260, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047759415002470
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047759415002470
Harper K., The Fate of Rome. Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire, Princeton 2017, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv9b2txr
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv9b2txr
Harris W. V., The Great Pestilence and the Complexities of the Antonine-Severan Economy, [in:] L’Impatto della “peste antonina”, ed. E. Lo Cascio, Bari 2012, p. 331–338.
Google Scholar
Hay D. M., Foils for the Therapeutae: References to Other Texts and Persons in Philo’s Vita Contemplativa, [in:] Neotestamentica et Philonica. Studies in Honor of Peder Borgen, ed. D. E. Aune, T. Seland, J. H. Ulrichsen, Leiden–Boston 2003 [= Novum Testamentum. Supplements, 106], p. 330–348, https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004268241_016
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004268241_016
van Henten J. W., Herod the Great in Josephus, [in:] A Companion to Josephus, ed. H. H. Chapman, Z. Rodgers, Chichester 2016, p. 235–246, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325162.ch14
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325162.ch14
Huebner S. R., The “Plague of Cyprian”: A Revised View of the Origin and Spread of a 3rd-c. CE Pandemic, “Journal of Roman Archaeology” 34, 2021, p. 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047759421000349
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047759421000349
Iwańska J., Znaczenie terminu epidemia w starożytnej literaturze grecko-rzymskiej. Próba analizy na wybranych przykładach, “Seminare” 35.4, 2014, p. 175–184, https://doi.org/10.21852/sem.2014.4.13
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21852/sem.2014.4.13
Janiszewski P., Natura w służbie propagandy. Kataklizmy i rzadkie fenomeny w łacińskich brewiariach historycznych i w “Historia Augusta”, [in:] Chrześcijaństwo u schyłku starożytności. Studia źródłoznawcze, vol. II, ed. T. Derda, E. Wipszycka, Kraków 1999, p. 11–191.
Google Scholar
Janiszewski P., Żywioły w służbie propagandy, czyli po czyjej stronie stoi Bóg. Studium klęsk i rzadkich fenomenów przyrodniczych u historyków Kościoła w IV i V wieku, [in:] Chrześcijaństwo u schyłku starożytności. Studia źródłoznawcze, vol. III, ed. T. Derda, E. Wipszycka, Kraków 2000, p. 5–191.
Google Scholar
Johnson A. P., Eusebius, New York 2014, https://doi.org/10.5040/9780755694464
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9780755694464
Kasher A., Witztum E., King Herod: A Persecuted Persecutor. A Case Study in Psychohistory and Psychobiography, Berlin 2007.
Google Scholar
Kokkkinos N., Herod’s Horrid Death, “Biblical Archaeology Review” 43, 1998, p. 8–62.
Google Scholar
Kovács P., Marcus Aurelius’ Rain Miracle and the Marcomannic Wars, Leiden 2008, https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004166394.i-302
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004166394.i-302
Kousoulis A. A., Economopoulos K., Hatzinger M., Eshraghian A., Tsiodras S., The Fatal Disease of Emperor Galerius, “Journal of the American College of Surgeons” 215, 2012, p. 890–893, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.05.039
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.05.039
Liddell H. G., Scott R., Jones H. S. et al., A Greek-English Lexicon, 9Oxford 1996.
Google Scholar
Littman R. J., Littman M. L., Galen and the Antonine Plague, “The American Journal of Philology” 94.3, 1973, p. 243–255, https://doi.org/10.2307/293979
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/293979
Mackay Ch.S., Lactantius and the Succession to Diocletian, “Classical Philology” 94.2, 1999, p. 198–209, https://doi.org/10.1086/449431
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/449431
McSherry J., Worms, Diabetes and King Herod the Great, “Journal of Medical Biography” 5, 1997, p. 167–169, https://doi.org/10.1177/096777209700500306
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/096777209700500306
Mendels D., The Media Revolution of Early Christianity. An Essay on Eusebius’s Ecclesiastical History, Cambridge 1999.
Google Scholar
Millar F., The Emperor in the Roman World (31 B. C.–A. D. 337), London 1977.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1087113
Misiarczyk L., Terapeuci – Żydowscy prekursorzy monastycyzmu chrześcijańskiego w De vita contemplativa Filona z Aleksandrii, “Vox Patrum” 70, 2018, p. 9–23, https://doi.org/10.31743/vp.3195
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31743/vp.3195
Mitchell S., Maximinus and the Christians in A. D. 312: A New Latin Inscription, “Journal of Roman Studies” 78, 1988, p. 105–124, https://doi.org/10.2307/301453
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/301453
Morlet S., L’Introduction de l’Histoire ecclésiastique d’Eusèbe de Césarée (I, 2–4): étude génétique, littéraire et rhétorique, “Revue des études augustiniennes et patristiques” 52, 2006, p. 57–94, https://doi.org/10.1484/J.REA.5.100903
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1484/J.REA.5.100903
Pacewicz A., Galen o naturze wiedzy medycznej, “Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia” 4.4, 2009, p. 119–125.
Google Scholar
Palmer A., The Place of King Abgar in the Scheme of Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History, “Bulletin de l’AELAC” 8, 1998, p. 17–19.
Google Scholar
A Patristic Greek Lexicon, comp. G. W.H. Lampe, Oxford 1961.
Google Scholar
Reconsidering Eusebius. Collected Papers and Literary, Historical, and Theological Issues, ed. S. Inowlocki, C. Zamagni, Leiden–Boston 2011 [= Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, 107].
Google Scholar
Retief F. P., Cilliers J. F.G., The Illnesses of Herod the Great, “Acta Theologica” 26.2 (sup. 7), 2006, p. 278–293, https://doi.org/10.4314/actat.v26i2.52580
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/actat.v26i2.52580
Sitek B., Pestis Antonini. Reakcja Marka Aureliusza na globalną starożytną epidemię, “Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie” 13.1, 2020, p. 389–399.
Google Scholar
Skibiński T., Książyk M. P., Postawa chrześcijan wobec Zarazy Cypriana w świetle źródeł epoki, “Vox Patrum” 78, 2021, p. 121–140, https://doi.org/10.31743/vp.12239
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31743/vp.12239
Słownik grecko-polski, vol. I–II, comp. O. Jurewicz, Warszawa 2000.
Google Scholar
Słownik grecko-polski, vol. III, ed. Z. Abramowiczówna, Warszawa 1962.
Google Scholar
Suski R., Galeriusz, cesarz, wódz, prześladowca, Kraków 2016.
Google Scholar
Tabbernee W., Eusebius’ Theology of Persecution: As seen in the Various Editions of his Church History, “Journal of Early Christian Studies” 5, 1997, p. 319–334, https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.1997.0063
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.1997.0063
Tycner-Wolicka M., Opowieść o wizerunku z Edessy. Cesarz Konstantyn Porfirogeneta i nieuczyniony ręką wizerunek Chrystusa, Kraków 2009.
Google Scholar
Tylor J. E., The So-Called Therapeutae of De vita Contemplativa: Identity and Character, “The Harvard Theological Review” 91, 1998, p. 3–24, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017816000006416
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017816000006416
Vlach M., The Antonine Plague and Impact Possibilities during the Marcomannic Wars, [in:] Marcomannic Wars and Antonine Plague. Selected Essays on Two Disasters that shook the Roman World, ed. M. Erdrich, B. Komoróczy, P. Madejski, M. Vlach, Brno–Lublin 2020, p. 23–36.
Google Scholar
Zelener Y., Genetic Evidence, Density Dependence and Epidemiological Models of the Antonine Plague, [in:] L’Impatto della “peste antonina”, ed. E. Lo Cascio, Bari 2012, p. 167–177.
Google Scholar
Ziółkowski M., “Cud deszczu” i chrześcijanie, “Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici. Historia” 27, Toruń 1992, p. 89–95.
Google Scholar
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Jak cytować
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.