Mapping the protest. Static, dynamic, and spatial qualities of Occupy and Indignados movements protests in Spain and the United States of America in 2011-2012

Autor

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6107.41.03

Słowa kluczowe:

Occupy Wall Street, protest, mapping, spatiality, détournement

Abstrakt

This article examines the topic of protest mapping during the rise of Occupy Wall Street in the United States in 2011–2012. It focuses on various practices of protest mapping, including a con­sideration of how space (public, urban, or of the protest camp) is represented in the visual sources discussed. It also addresses the qualitative difference between protest mapping and other mapping practices, as well as the categorization of protest mapping terms. Using the method of source analysis and online research, the article adopts, as its key concept for studying protest as a multi-threaded phenomenon, the notion of détournement. This concept was first described in 1957 by Gil Wolman and Guy Debord, and from the early 1960s was used as a creative method and also a revolutionary strategy by the avant-garde artistic group, the Situationist International. The categories of stasis, dynamism, and spatiality will also be important points of reference.

Bibliografia

Bartlett, J. (2011). Occupy Wall Street Protest Has Little Effect on Tourism, Travel Agent Central. Available at: https://www.travelagentcentral.com/destinations/occupy-wall-street-protest-has-little-effect-tourism [Accessed: October 2, 2022].
Google Scholar

Bienvenidas a Republica Independiente a Nuestra Plaza (n.d.). Archivo 15-M. Available at: https://archivosol15m.wordpress.com/pancartas/?fbclid=IwAR2wJ5kmpo0S0zFOEsjYxgVHTRezVMsChg5_unLTCXp0wCpZXbv3P7eVrcY#jp-carousel-707
Google Scholar

Black Lives Matter Map (n.d.). Available at: https://blm-map.com/ [Accessed: October 2, 2022].
Google Scholar

Butler, J. (2015). Notes Toward a Performative Theory of Assembly. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674495548

Crampton, J. W. (2010). Mapping: A Critical Introduction to Cartography and GIS. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444317411

Daurio, R. (2011). Occupy Wall Street Mapping Project, Cargo Collective, http://cargocollective.com/rdaurio/Occupy-Wall-Street-Mapping-Project [Accessed: October 2, 2022].
Google Scholar

de Souza e Silva, A. (2006). From Cyber to Hybrid: Mobile Technologies as Interfaces of Hybrid Spaces. Space and Culture, 9 (3), pp. 261–278.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331206289022

Debord, G. and Wolman, G. (2006). A User’s Guide to Détournement. In Knabb, K. (ed. and transl.), The Situationist International Anthology. Berkeley: Bureau of Public Secrets, pp. 14–21.
Google Scholar

Della Porta, D. and Diani, M. (2006). Social Movements: An Introduction. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
Google Scholar

Drozdz, M. (2020). Maps and Protest. In Thrift, N. and Kitchin, R. (eds.), International Encyclopedia of Human Geography. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 367–378.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10575-X

Eliano, L. (2011). The Tangled Web of Occupy Wall Street. Hyperallergic, 26.10.2011. Available at: https://hyperallergic.com/39218/the-tangled-web-of-occupywallstreet/
Google Scholar

Ferdinand, S. (2019). Mapping beyond Measure: Art, Cartography and the Space of Global Modernity. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvrnfr46

Huerta del Sol (n.d.). Archivo 15-M. Available at: https://archivosol15m.wordpress.com/pancartas/huertadelsol/
Google Scholar

Jeziorowska, E. (2021). Conventionality and Innovation. Détournement in 2011–2012 Protest Art. Street Art & Urban Creativity, 7 (1), pp. 70–79. https://doi.org/10.25765/sauc.v7i1.482
Google Scholar

Julia P (n.d.). WIP (!) Individual effort: Mapping the emerging #globalrevolution. Mind Meister. Available at: https://www.mindmeister.com/120557983/wip-individual-effort-mapping-the-emerging-global-revolution-ttq-dry-ows-occupy-universe-access-archit [Accessed: October 16, 2022].
Google Scholar

Kirchgraber, S. (n.d.). Ideen für Aktionen Occupy Alpenrhein. Mind Meister. Available at: https://www.mindmeister.com/197305514/ideen-f-r-aktionen-occupy-alpenrhein [Accessed: October 2, 2022].
Google Scholar

Kowalewski, M. (2016). Protest miejski. Przestrzenie, tożsamości i praktyki niezadowolonych obywateli miast. Kraków: Nomos.
Google Scholar

Loewe, S. (2015). When Protest Becomes Art: The Contradictory Transformations of the Occupy Movement at Documenta 13 and Berlin Biennale 7. Field, 1, Spring. Available at: http://field-journal.com/issue-1/loewe [Accessed: October 2, 2022].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/803232

Map of September 17 (S17) Direct Actions (n.d.). Available at: https://nyu-dss.github.io/occupy/items/OWS034/ [Accessed: November 12, 2022].
Google Scholar

Massey, J. and Snyder, B. (2012a). Mapping Liberty Plaza. How Occupy Wall Street Spatially Transformed Zuccotti Park. Places, Sept. Available at: https://placesjournal.org/article/mapping-liberty-plaza/ [Accessed: October 10, 2022].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.22269/120918

Massey, J. and Snyder, B. (2012b). Occupying Wall Street: Places and Spaces of Political Action. Places, Sept. Available at: https://placesjournal.org/article/occupying-wall-street-places-and-spaces-of-political-action/?cn-reloaded=1 [Accessed: October 10, 2022].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.22269/120917

Massey, J. and Snyder, B. (2015). The Hypercity That Occupy Built. In Geiger, J. (ed.), Entr’acte. Performing Publics, Pervasive Media, and Architecture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 87–103.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137414182_5

Moynihan, C. (2015). Occupy Wall Street, the Tour. The New York Times, 2 April. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/03/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-the-tour.html [Accessed: October 16, 2022].
Google Scholar

Occupy Museums. Archive site for NYC activist group (n.d.). Available at: http://occupymuseums.org/occupy-museums/ [Accessed: October 16, 2022].
Google Scholar

Occupy Tour NYC (n.d.). Available at: https://www.occupytournyc.com/ [Accessed: October 16, 2022].
Google Scholar

Part 2: what is acampada sol? (2011). Libcom, 06.06. Available at: https://libcom.org/article/part-2-what-acampada-sol [Accessed: October 16, 2022].
Google Scholar

Plaza Solución (n.d.). Archivo 15-M. Available at: https://archivosol15m.wordpress.com/pancartas/?fbclid=IwAR2wJ5kmpo0S0zFOEsjYxgVHTRezVMsChg5_unLTCXp0wCpZXbv3P7eVrcY#jp-carousel-167 [Accessed: October 16, 2022].
Google Scholar

Poster promoting OWS protests at Zuccotti Park (n.d.). No Turning Back: Ten Years after Occupy. Available at: https://nyu-dss.github.io/occupy/items/OWS064/ [Accessed: November 12, 2022].
Google Scholar

Rancière, J. (2004). The Politics of Aesthetics: The Distribution of the Sensible. New York–London: Continuum.
Google Scholar

Ribeiro, D. M. and Caquard, S. (2018). Cartography and Art. In Wilson, J. P., (ed.), The Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge. University Consortium for The Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge 2.0. https://doi.org/10.22224/gistbok/2018.1.4
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.22224/gistbok/2018.1.4

Rogers, S. (2011). Occupy Protests Around the World: Full List Visualised. The Guardian, 14 November. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/oct/17/occupy-protests-world-list-map#data; https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1bhy_S5bCnfRK0AR8CknOL8z_37BIgAJXuWP07l1bRmU/edit?hl=en_GB&hl=en_GB#gid=6 [Accessed: November 1, 2022].
Google Scholar

Sarbib, Ch. (2021). This Jewish Artist Examines the World’s Biggest Problems – with Flowcharts. Heyalma, 14 October. Available at: https://www.heyalma.com/this-jewish-artist-examines-the-worlds-biggest-problems-with-flowcharts/ [Accessed: November 1, 2022].
Google Scholar

Schragis, R. (n.d.). Flowchart of the Declaration of the Occupation of NYC. Met Museum. Available at: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/852364
Google Scholar

Thagard, P. (2015). The Cognitive-Affective Structure of Political Ideologies. In Martinovsky, B. (ed.), Emotion in Group Decision and Negotiation: Advances in Group Decision and Negotiation, Vol. 7. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 51–71.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9963-8_3

Wise, M. (2021). Occupy Wall Street: Mapping the Movement. In Muphy, K. D. and O’Driscoll, S. (eds.), Public Space/Contested Space: Imagination and Occupation. New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003095262-14

Opublikowane

2023-02-10

Jak cytować

Jeziorowska, E. (2023). Mapping the protest. Static, dynamic, and spatial qualities of Occupy and Indignados movements protests in Spain and the United States of America in 2011-2012. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica-Aesthetica-Practica, (41), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6107.41.03