Association between body size and selected hematological parameters in men and women aged 45 and above from a hospitalized population of older adults: an insight from the Polish Longitudinal Study of Aging (1960–2000)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/anre-2017-0012Keywords:
aging, anthropometric characteristics, blood, hematological parameters, longitudinal studies, senescenceAbstract
In elderly people, anemia occurs with increasing frequency with each advancing decade and can be a harbinger of very serious health conditions, including gastrointestinal bleeding, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and cancer. Therefore, age-dependant changes in hematological parameters deserve special attention. Nonetheless, very few longitudinal studies of aging have focused on possible associations between basic anthropometric characteristics and hematological parameters in older people. Here, we present some evidence that body size can be associated with red blood cell count as well as some other selected hematological parameters in adults aged 45 to 70 years. Longitudinal data on anthropometric and hematological parameters have been obtained from physically healthy residents at the Regional Psychiatric Hospital for People with Mental Disorders in Cibórz, Lubuskie Province, Poland (142 individuals, including 68 men and 74 women). The residents who took psychoactive drugs were excluded from the study. To evaluate the studied relationships, three anthropometric traits were used and three dichotomous divisions of the study sample were made. The medians of body height, body weight, and body mass index at the age of 45 years were used to divide the sample into: shorter and taller, lighter and heavier, and slimmer and stouter individuals, respectively. Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and regression analysis were employed. The results of the present study suggest that the relationship between body size and red blood cell count is slightly more pronounced in men and its strength depends on age. However, the correlations between body size and red blood cell count proved to be weak in both sexes. With aging, the strength of the relation decreased gradually, which might have been caused by the aging-associated changes in the hematopoietic system, anemia, or was an artifact. Further studies are needed to elucidate the unclear association between body size and hematological parameters in older adults.
Downloads
References
Adamson JW. 2008. New blood, old blood, or no blood? N Engl J Med 358:1295–6.
View in Google Scholar
Bachman E, Feng R, Travison T, Li M, Olbina G, Ostland V, Ulloor J, Zhang A, Basaria S, Ganz T, Westerman M, Bhasin S. 2010. Testosterone suppresses hepcidin in men: a potential mechanism for testosterone- induced erythrocytosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:4743–7.
View in Google Scholar
Beers MH, Berkow R. 2000. The Merck manual of geriatrics. New York: Merck.
View in Google Scholar
Bianconi E, Piovesan A, Facchin F, Beraudi A, Casadei R, Frabetti F, Vitale L, Pelleri MC, Tassani S, Piva F, Perez-Amodio S, Strippoli P, Canaider S. 2013. An estimation of the number of cells in the human body. Ann Hum Biol 40:463–71.
View in Google Scholar
Bijlani RL, Manjunatha S. 2011. Understanding medical physiology: a textbook for medical students. New York: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
View in Google Scholar
Borysławski K, Chmielowiec K, Chmielewski P, Chmielowiec J. 2015. Zmiany z wiekiem wybranych cech antropometrycznych, fizjologicznych i biochemicznych oraz ich związek z długością życia mężczyzn i kobiet. Monographs of Physical Anthropology 2. Available at: http://www.org.up.wroc.pl/antropologia/mpa/
View in Google Scholar
Bosman GJ, Werre JM, Willekens FL, Novotny VM. 2008. Erythrocyte ageing in vivo and in vitro: structural aspects and implications for transfusion. Transfus Med 18:335–47.
View in Google Scholar
Chmielewski P, Borysławski K, Chmielowiec K, Chmielowiec J. 2015a. Height loss with advancing age in a hospitalized population of Polish men and women: magnitude, pattern and associations with mortality. Anthropol Rev 78(2):157–68.
View in Google Scholar
Chmielewski P, Borysławski K, Chmielowiec K, Chmielowiec J. 2015b. Longitudinal and cross-sectional changes with age in selected anthropometric and physiological traits in hospitalized adults: an insight from the Polish Longitudinal Study of Aging (PLSA). Anthropol Rev 78(3):317–36.
View in Google Scholar
Chmielewski PP, Borysławski K, Chmielowiec K, Chmielowiec J, Strzelec B. 2016. The association between total leukocyte count and longevity: Evidence from longitudinal and cross-sectional data. Ann Anat 204:1–10.
View in Google Scholar
Christ ER, Cummings MH, Westwood NB, Sawyer BM, Pearson TC, Sönksen PH, Russell-Jones DL. 1997. The importance of growth hormone in the regulation of erythropoiesis, red cell mass, and plasma volume in adults with growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:2985–90.
View in Google Scholar
Cohen RM, Franco RS, Khera PK, Smith EP, Lindsell CJ, Ciraolo PJ, Palascak MB, Joiner CH. 2008. Red cell life span heterogeneity in hematologically normal people is sufficient to alter HbA1c. Blood 112:4284–91.
View in Google Scholar
Cuneo RC, Salomon F, Wiles CM, Hesp R, Sönksen PH. 1991. Growth hormone treatment in growth hormone deficient adults. II. Effects on exercise performance. J Appl Physiol 70:688–94.
View in Google Scholar
Dean L. 2005. Blood groups and red blood cell antigens. NCBI.
View in Google Scholar
Dobson MG, Redfern CP, Unwin N, Weaver JU. 2001. The N363S polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor: potential contribution to central obesity in men and lack of association with other risk factors for coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:2270–4.
View in Google Scholar
Dukes PP, Goldwasser E. 1961. Inhibition of erythropoiesis by estrogens. Endocrinology 69:21–9.
View in Google Scholar
Fonseca AM, Pereira CF, Porto G, Arosa FA. 2003. Red blood cells promote survival and cell cycle progression of human peripheral blood T cells independently of CD58/LFA-3 and heme compounds. Cell Immunol 224:17–28.
View in Google Scholar
Gardner D, Shoback D. 2011. Greenspan’s basic clinical endocrinology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
View in Google Scholar
Goldberg MA, Dunning SP, Bunn HF. 1988. Regulation of the erythropoietin gene: evidence that the oxygen sensor is a heme protein. Science 242:1412–5.
View in Google Scholar
Goldberg MA, Imagawa S, Dunning PS, Bunn HF. 1989. Oxygen sensing and erythropoietin gene regulation. Contrib Nephrol 70:39–56.
View in Google Scholar
Golde DW, Bersch N, Chopra IJ, Cline MJ. 1977a. Thyroid hormones stimulate erythropoiesis in vitro. Br J Haematol 37:173–7.
View in Google Scholar
Golde DW, Bersch N, Li CH.1977b. Growth hormone: species-specific stimulation of erythropoiesis in vitro. Science 196:1112–3.
View in Google Scholar
Goodman JW, Hall EA, Miller KL, Shinpock SG. 1985. Interleukin 3 promotes erythroid burst formation in “serum-free” cultures without detectable erythropoietin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:3291–5.
View in Google Scholar
Guo W, Bachman E, Li M, Roy CN, Blusztajn J, Wong S, Chan SY, Serra C, Jasuja R, Travison TG, Muckenthaler MU, Nemeth E, Bhasin S. 2013. Testosterone administration inhibits hepcidin transcription and is associated with increased iron incorporation into red blood cells. Aging Cell 12:280–91.
View in Google Scholar
Haase VH. 2010. Hypoxic regulation of erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 299:F1–F13.
View in Google Scholar
Hattangadi SM, Wong P, Zhang L, Flygare J, Lodish HF. 2011. From stem cell to red cell: regulation of erythropoiesis at multiple levels by multiple proteins, RNAs, and chromatin modifications. Blood 118:6258–68.
View in Google Scholar
Huang YX, Wu ZJ, Mehrishi J, Huang BT, Chen XY, Zheng XJ, Liu WJ, Luo M. 2011. Human red blood cell aging: correlative changes in surface charge and cell properties. J Cell Mol Med 15:2634–42.
View in Google Scholar
Jelkmann W. 2012. Functional significance of erythrocytes. In: Lang F, Föller M, editors. Erythrocytes. Physiology and patophysiology. London: Imperial College Press.
View in Google Scholar
Lindemann R. 1973. Erythropoiesis inhibiting actor (EIF). The inhibitory effect of oestrogens on erythropoiesis and the content of oestrogens in the urinary EIF. Scand J Haematol 11:319–24.
View in Google Scholar
Lodish H, Flygare J, Chou S. 2010. From stem cell to erythroblast: regulation of red cell production at multiple levels by multiple hormones. IUBMB Life 62:492–6.
View in Google Scholar
Martin R. 1928. Lehrbuch der Anthropologie in systematischer Darstellung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der anthropologischen Methoden. Erster band: Somatologie. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer.
View in Google Scholar
Mathur SC, Schexneider KI, Hutchison RE. 2011. Hematopoiesis. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, editors. Henry’s clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Saunders.
View in Google Scholar
Meineke HA, Crafts RC. 1968. Further observations on the mechanism by which androgens and growth hormone influence erythropoiesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 29:298–307.
View in Google Scholar
Merchav S, Tatarsky I, Hochberg Z. 1988. Enhancement of erythropoiesis in vitro by human growth hormone is mediated by insulin-like growth factor I. Br J Haematol 70:267–71.
View in Google Scholar
Mescher AL. 2013. Junqueira’s basic histology.Text and atlas. New York: McGraw Hill.
View in Google Scholar
Mirand EA, Gordon AS. 1966. Mechanism of estrogen action in erythropoiesis. Endocrinology 78:325–32.
View in Google Scholar
Morera D, MacKenzie SA. 2011. Is there a direct role for erythrocytes in the immune response? Vet Res 42:89.
View in Google Scholar
Naeim F, Rao PN, Song SX, Grody WW. 2013. Atlas of hematopathology. Morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics, and molecular approaches. New York: Academic Press.
View in Google Scholar
Naets JP, Wittek M. 1966. Mechanism of action of androgens on erythropoiesis. Am J Physiol 210:315–20.
View in Google Scholar
Nozaki H, Ashitomi I, Higa K, Akisaka M, Suzuki M. 1995. Red blood cell parameters of healthy centenarians. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 32:471–7.
View in Google Scholar
Patel KV, Guralnik JM. 2009. Prognostic implications of anemia in older adults. Haematologica 94:1–2.
View in Google Scholar
Peschle C, Rappaport IA, Sasso GF, Gordon AS, Condorelli M. 1972. Mechanism of growth hormone (GH) action on erythropoiesis. Endocrinology 91:511–7.
View in Google Scholar
Peschle C, Rappaport IA, Magli MC, MaroneG, Lettieri F, Cillo C, Gordon AS. 1978. Role of the hypophysis in erythropoietin production during hypoxia. Blood 51:1117–24.
View in Google Scholar
Pimkin M, Weiss MJ. 2012. Erythropoiesis. In: Lang F, Föller, M, editors. Erythrocytes. Physiology and patophysiology. London: Imperial College Press.
View in Google Scholar
Richards RS, Roberts TK, McGregor NR, Dunstan RH, Butt HL. 1998. The role of erythrocytes in the inactivation of free radicals. Med Hypotheses 50:363–7.
View in Google Scholar
Rishpon-Meyerstein N, Kilbridge T, Simone J, Fried W. 1968. The effect of testosterone on erythropoietin levels in anemic patients. Blood 31:453–60.
View in Google Scholar
Shahani S, Braga-Basaria M, Maggio M, Basaria S. 2009. Androgens and erythropoiesis: past and present. J Endocrinol Invest 32:704–16.
View in Google Scholar
Shahidi NT. 1973. Androgens and erythropoiesis.N Engl J Med 289:72–80.
View in Google Scholar
Simkin V. 1961. Urinary 17-ketosteroid and 17-ketogenic steroid excretion in obese patients. N Engl J Med 264:974–7.
View in Google Scholar
Sohmiya M, Kato Y. 2001. Effect on long-termadministration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on plasma erythropoietin (EPO) and haemoglobin levels in anaemic patients with adult GH deficiency. Clin Endocrinol 55:749–54.
View in Google Scholar
Sprague RS, Stephenson AH, Ellsworth ML.2007. Red not dead: signaling in and from erythrocytes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 18:350–5.
View in Google Scholar
Umemura T, al-Khatti A, Donahue RE, Papayannopoulou T, Stamatoyannopoulos G, 1989. Effects of interleukin-3 and erythropoietin on in vivo erythropoiesis and F-cell formation in primates. Blood 74:1571–6.
View in Google Scholar
Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. 2011. Basic examination of blood and bone marrow. In: McPherson RA, Pincus M, editors. Henry’s clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Saunders.
View in Google Scholar
Valerio G, Di Maio S, Salerno M, Argenziano A, Badolato R, Tenore A. 1997. Assessment of red blood cell indices in growth-hormone-treated children. Horm Res 47:62–6.
View in Google Scholar
Vihervuori E, Virtanen M, Koistinen H, Koistinen R, Seppälä M, Siimes MA. 1996. Hemoglobin level is linked to growth hormone-dependent proteins in short children. Blood 87:2075–81.
View in Google Scholar
Wolański N. 2012. Rozwój biologiczny człowieka. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
View in Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
