Effects of aging on the function of the urinary system: longitudinal changes with age in selected urine parameters in a hospitalized population of older adults

Authors

  • Piotr Chmielewski Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Poland
  • Bartłomiej Strzelec Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Poland
  • Krzysztof Borysławski Department of Anthropology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
  • Krzysztof Chmielowiec Regional Psychiatric Hospital for People with Mental Disorders, Cibórz, Lubuskie Province, Poland
  • Jolanta Chmielowiec Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Poland
  • Paweł Dąbrowski Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Poland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1515/anre-2016-0024

Keywords:

aging, changes with age, kidney, longitudinal study, specific gravity, senescence, urinalysis, urine pH, the urinary system

Abstract

Although normal aging does not have a pernicious effect on the homeostasis of fluids, renal reserve in elderly people can be depleted. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between longitudinal changes with age in basic urine parameters (specific gravity and pH) in older men and women, depending on their body height and relative body weight. Longitudinal data on these two quantitative traits of the urine were available for 142 physically healthy individuals, including 68 men and 74 women. All subjects were 45 years of age at the beginning and 70 at the end of the period under investigation. All measurements were taken in accordance with internationally accepted requirements. Specific gravity was assessed using a hydrometer, and pH was measured using a pH meter. ANOVA, t-test, and regression analysis were performed. No significant sex differences in specific gravity or urine pH were observed. In both sexes, urine specific gravity decreased with age according to exponential model of regression. In men, there was a gradual increase in the pH of the urine until age 65, and the best fitting regression model was polynomial. In women, on the other hand, there was an exiguous decrease in urine pH throughout the period under study, and the best fitting regression model proved to be exponential. As the process of renal aging commences relatively early in ontogeny and manifests itself in many structural and functional changes, urinalysis and other more sophisticated methods of diagnosis of renal diseases are essential for proper assessment of health status of adults and older individuals. The rate of age-related changes in the analyzed traits of the urine was commensurate in both sexes, thereby revealing no evidence of significant sex differences in terms of renal aging in the period between 45 and 70 years of age.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abrams WB, Beers MH, Berkow R. 1999. Podręcznik geriatrii. Wrocław: Urban & Partner.
View in Google Scholar

Alpern RJ, Caplan MJ, Moe OW. 2013. The kidney. Physiology and patophysiology. London: Academic Press.
View in Google Scholar

Borysławski K, Chmielowiec K, Chmielewski P, Chmielowiec J. 2015. Zmiany z wiekiem wybranych cech antropometrycznych, fizjologicznych i biochemicznych oraz ich związek z długością życia mężczyzn i kobiet. Monographs of Physical Anthropology Vol. 2. Available at: http://www.org.up.wroc.pl/antropologia/mpa/
View in Google Scholar

Bosma RJ, Van der Heide JJ, Oosterop EJ, de Jong PE, Navis G. 2004. Body mass index is associated with altered renal hemodynamics in non-obese healthy subjects. Kidney Int 65(1):259-65.
View in Google Scholar

Chmielewski P, Borysławski K. 2015. Characterization and determinants of seasonality of deaths in Poland: a biodemographic approach. In: D Nowakowski, K Borysławski, M Synowiec-Piłat, B Kwiatkowska, editors. Health problems of older people and associated caring aspects. Monographs of Physical Anthropology Vol. 3. Available at: http://www.org.up.wroc.pl/antropologia/mpa/
View in Google Scholar

Chmielewski P, Borysławski K, Chmielowiec K, Chmielowiec J. 2015a. Height loss with advancing age in a hospitalized population of Polish men and women: magnitude, pattern and associations with mortality. Anthropol Rev 78(2):157-68.
View in Google Scholar

Chmielewski P, Borysławski K, Chmielowiec K, Chmielowiec J. 2015b. Longitudinal and cross-sectional changes with age in selected anthropometric and physiological traits in hospitalized adults: an insight from the Polish Longitudinal Study of Aging (PLSA). Anthropol Rev 78(3):317-36.
View in Google Scholar

Chmielewski PP, Borysławski K, Chmielowiec K, Chmielowiec J., Strzelec B. 2016. The association between total leukocyte count and longevity: Evidence from longitudinal and cross-sectional data. Ann Anat 204:1-10.
View in Google Scholar

Corless D, Boucher BJ, Cohen RD, Beer M, Gupta SP. 1975. Vitamin D status in long-stay geriatric patients. Lancet 1(7922):1404-6.
View in Google Scholar

Drake RL, Vogl AW, Mitchell AWM. 2015. Gray’s anatomy for students. 3rd edition. New York: Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone.
View in Google Scholar

Duan ZY, Cai GY, Chen YZ, Liang S, Liu SW, Wu J, Qiu Q, Lin SP, Zhang XG, Chen XM. 2013. Aging promotes progression of IgA nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Nephrol 38(3):241-52.
View in Google Scholar

Fehrman-Ekholm I, Skeppholm L. 2004. Renal function in the elderly (>70 years old) measured by means of iohexol clearance, serum creatinine, serum urea and estimated clearance. Scand J Urol Nephrol 38(1):73-7.
View in Google Scholar

Fox CS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Culleton B, Wilson PW, Levy D. 2004. Predictors of new-onset kidney disease in a community-based population. JAMA 291(7):844-50.
View in Google Scholar

Gryglewska B, Grodzicki T, Kocemba J. 1998. Obesity and blood pressure in the elderly free-living population. J Hum Hypertens 12(9):645-7.
View in Google Scholar

Hall JE, Kuo JJ, da Silva AA, de Paula RB, Liu J, Tallam L. 2003. Obesity-associated hypertension and kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol and Hypertens 12(2):195-200.
View in Google Scholar

Halter JB, Ouslander JG, Tinetti ME, Studenski S, High KP, Asthana S, Hazzard WR, Woolard NF editors. 2009. Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology. 6th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1009-45.
View in Google Scholar

Jansen C, Harrill I. 1977. Intakes and serum levels of protein and iron for 70 elderly women. Am J Clin Nutr 30(9):1414-22.
View in Google Scholar

Jones CA, McQuillan GM, Kusek JW, Eberhardt MS, Herman WH, Coresh J, Salive M, Jones CP, Agodoa LY. 1998. Serum creatinine levels in the US population: third national health and nutrition examination survey. Am J Kidney Dis 32(6):992-9.
View in Google Scholar

Kurts C, Panzer U, Anders HJ, Rees AJ. 2013. The immune system and kidney disease: basic concepts and clinical implications. Nat Rev Immunol 13(10):738-53.
View in Google Scholar

Lindeman RD, Tobin J, Shock NW. 1985. Longitudinal studies on the rate of decline in renal function with age. J Am Geriatr Soc 33(4):278-85.
View in Google Scholar

Lote C. 2012. Principles of renal physiology. New York: Springer.
View in Google Scholar

Macías-Núñez JF, Cameron, JS, Oreopoulos, DG editors. 2008. The aging kidney in health and disease. 1st edition. New York: Springer. 39-154.
View in Google Scholar

Mescher AL. 2013. Junqueira’s basic histology. Text and atlas. New York: McGraw Hill.
View in Google Scholar

Musch W, Verfaillie L, Decaux G. 2006. Age-related increase in plasma urea level and decrease in fractional urea excretion: clinical application in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1:909-14.
View in Google Scholar

Neugarten J, Acharya A, Silbiger SR. 2000. Effect of gender on the progression of nondiabetic renal disease: a meta-analysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 11:3 19-29.
View in Google Scholar

Parks JH, Barsky R, Coe FL. 2003. Gender differences in seasonal variation of urine stone risk factors. J Urol 170:384-8.
View in Google Scholar

Perruca J, Bouby N, Valeix P, Bankir L. 2007. Sex difference in urine concentration across differing ages, sodium intake, and level of kidney disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R700-5.
View in Google Scholar

Reyes D, Lew SQ, Kimmel PL. 2005. Gender differences in hypertension and kidney disease. Med Clin North Am 89:613-30.
View in Google Scholar

Salazar DE, Corcoran GB. 1988. Predicting creatinine clearance and renal drug clearance in obese patients from estimated fatfree body mass. Am J Med 84(6):1053-60.
View in Google Scholar

Sandberg K, Ji H. 2003. Sex and the rennin angiotensin system: implications for gender differences in the progression of kidney disease. Adv Ren Replace Ther 10:15-23.
View in Google Scholar

Seeley RR, Stephens TD, Tate P. 2008. Anatomy & physiology. 8th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. 996-7.
View in Google Scholar

Sinclair AJ, Morley JE, Vellas B. 2012. Pathy’s principles and practice of geriatric medicine. 5th edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1309-15.
View in Google Scholar

Weinstein JR, Anderson S. 2010. The aging kidney: physiological changes. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 17(4):302-7.
View in Google Scholar

Wieczorowska-Tobis K, Talarska D. 2008. Geriatria i pielęgniarstwo geriatryczne. Podręcznik dla studentów medycznych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL.
View in Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2016-09-30

How to Cite

Chmielewski, P., Strzelec, B., Borysławski, K., Chmielowiec, K., Chmielowiec, J., & Dąbrowski, P. (2016). Effects of aging on the function of the urinary system: longitudinal changes with age in selected urine parameters in a hospitalized population of older adults. Anthropological Review, 79(3), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1515/anre-2016-0024

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >> 

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.