Whiteness and the Black Fan Imagination: Making Meaning of Whiteness within the Geographies of NASCAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.18.2.03Keywords:
Auto Racing, Blackness, Southern Identity, Whiteness, White SpaceAbstract
This article places its attention on how the spatial boundaries, practices, and separations—as structured by whiteness—impact the contestation and negotiation of meaning-making processes in the production and consumption of NASCAR space(s) for Black fans. It was through that vantage point that the participants demonstrated a nuanced understanding of whiteness, particularly through an awareness of NASCAR as a White space, how to effectively navigate such a White space, and a contextualization of more recent enactments of whiteness within these spaces. To explore and define Black individuals’ racialized experiences and movements as NASCAR fans from their perspective, this article uses a qualitative approach as grounded in narrative inquiry. Thus, findings demonstrate how Black fans make meaning of whiteness within the geographies of NASCAR, which advances theoretical understandings of how whiteness is perceived and represented in the Black imagination. Informed by Southern regional identity and the navigation of White space, these representations of whiteness as exclusive, fearful, and possessive are made salient through NASCAR’s attachment to racialized cultural values.
Downloads
References
Alderman, Derek H. and Joshua Inwood. 2016. “Mobility as Antiracism Work: The ‘Hard Driving’ of NASCAR’s Wendell Scott.” Annals of the American Association of Geographers 106(3):597-611.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1118339
Anderson, Elijah. 2015. “The White Space.” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 1(1):10-21.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649214561306
Baldwin, James. 1984. Notes of a Native Son. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Google Scholar
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2014. Racism without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Google Scholar
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo, Carla Goar, and David G. Embrick. 2006. “When Whites Flock Together: The Social Psychology of White Habitus.” Critical Sociology 32(2-3):229-253.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156916306777835268
Brown, Tony N. et al. 2003. “‘There’s No Race On The Playing Field’: Perceptions of Racial Discrimination among White and Black Athletes.” Journal of Sport & Social Issues 27(2):162-183.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0193732502250715
Brunsma, David L., Joong Won Kim, and Nathaniel G. Chapman. 2020. “The Culture of White Space, the Racialized Production of Meaning, and the Jamband Scene.” Sociological Inquiry 90(1):7-29.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12313
Cohodas, Nadine. 1997. The Band Played Dixie: Race and the Liberal Conscience at Ole Miss. New York: Free Press.
Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B. 2007. Darkwater: Voices from within the Veil. New York: Cosimo.
Google Scholar
Fanon, Frantz. 2008. Black Skin, White Masks. New York: Grove Press.
Google Scholar
Feagin, Joe R. 2010. The White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and Counter-Framing. New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203890646
Feagin, Joe R. and Eileen O’Brien. 2003. White Men on Race: Power, Privilege, and the Shaping of Cultural Consciousness. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Google Scholar
Finney, Carolyn. 2014. Black Faces, White Spaces: Reimagining the Relationship of African Americans to the Great Outdoors. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469614489.001.0001
Gillborn, David. 2006. “Critical Race Theory and Education: Racism and Anti-Racism in Educational Theory and Praxis.” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 26(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500510229
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500510229
Hall, Randal L. 2002. “Before NASCAR: The Corporate and Civic Promotion of Automobile Racing in the American South, 1903-1927.” The Journal of Southern History 68(3):629-668.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3070161
Hall, Randal L. 2007. “Carnival of Speed: The Auto Racing Business in the Emerging South, 1930-1950.” The North Carolina Historical Review 84(3):245-275.
Google Scholar
Harvey, David. 2006. Spaces of Global Capitalism: A Theory of Uneven Geographical Development. New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar
hooks, bell. 1992. “Representing Whiteness in the Black Imagination.” Pp. 338-346 in Cultural Studies, edited by L. Grossberg et al. New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Jackson, John L. 2008. Racial Paranoia: The Unintended Consequences of Political Correctness. New York: Basic Civitas Books.
Google Scholar
King, C. Richard and Charles Fruehling Springwood. 2001. Beyond the Cheers: Race as Spectacle in College Sport. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Google Scholar
Kovel, Joel. 1984. White Racism: A Psychohistory. New York: Columbia University Press.
Google Scholar
Lee, Jason W. et al. 2010. “NASCAR: Checkered Flags Are Not All That Are Being Waved.” Sport Marketing Quarterly 19:170-179.
Google Scholar
Lipsitz, George. 2011. How Racism Takes Place. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Google Scholar
Moore, Wendy Leo. 2007. Reproducing Racism: White Space, Elite Law Schools, and Racial Inequality. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. 1992. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. New York: Vintage Books.
Google Scholar
Morse, Janice M. et al. 2002. “Verification Strategies for Establishing Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 1(2):13-22.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690200100202
Newman, Joshua I. 2007. “A Detour through ‘NASCAR Nation’: Ethnographic Articulations of a Neoliberal Sporting Spectacle.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 42(3):289-308.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690207088113
Newman, Joshua I. and Adam S. Beissel. 2009. “The Limits to ‘NASCAR Nation’: Sport and the ‘Recovery Movement’ in Disjunctural Times.” Sociology of Sport Journal 26:517-539.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.26.4.517
Newman, Joshua I. and Michael Giardina. 2011. Sport, Spectacle, and NASCAR Nation: Consumption and the Cultural Politics of Neoliberalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230338081
Pierce, Daniel S. 2010. Real NASCAR: White Lightning, Red Clay, and Big Bill France. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Google Scholar
Pitre, Nicole Y., Kaysi E. Kushner, and Kathy M. Hegadoren. 2011. “The Search for Safety, Control, and Voice for Mothers Living with the Legacy of Childhood Violence Experiences: A Critical Feminist Narrative Inquiry.” Advances in Nursing Science 34(3):260-275.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0b013e31822723ed
Reed, John Shelton. 1986. Southern Folk, Plain, and Fancy: Native White Social Types. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Google Scholar
Robinson, Zandria F. 2014. This Ain’t Chicago: Race, Class, and Regional Identity in the Post-Soul South. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469614229.001.0001
Vadeboncoeur, Joshua D. 2021. “‘(De)constructing NASCAR Space’: A Black Placemaking Analysis of Fan Agency, Mobility, and Resistance.” Manuscript submitted for publication. Department of Management & Accountancy, University of North Carolina at Asheville.
Google Scholar
Vadeboncoeur, Joshua D. and Trevor Bopp. 2021. “Black NASCAR Fans’ Strategies and Recommendations for Effective Anti-Racism and Inclusion Efforts in NASCAR.” Manuscript submitted for publication. Department of Management & Accountancy, University of North Carolina as Asheville.
Google Scholar
West, Candace and Don H. Zimmerman. 1987. “Doing Gender.” Gender & Society 1:125-151.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243287001002002
Wray, Matt. 2014. Cultural Sociology: An Introductory Reader. New York: Norton.
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.