Cypriot Gay Men’s Accounts of Negotiating Cultural and Sexual Identity: A Qualitative Study

Authors

  • Constantinos N Phellas School of Humanities at Intercollege, Cyprus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.1.2.05

Keywords:

Ethnic minorities, Homosexuality, Qualitative Research, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Abstract

This paper examines some of the key cultural concepts and relevant historical factors that may shape the development of Anglo-Cypriot gay identity. Accounts of sexual identity experiences provided by second generation Greek and Turkish Cypriot gay men in London are examined in the light of this analysis to explore how these men negotiate Anglo-Cypriot and gay identity. Twenty-eight self-identified second generation Greek and Turkish gay men living in London were recruited by advertising in the gay press, by writing to community groups, and gay groups and organizations and by “snowballing.” In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with those men recruited through these channels. Data were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis. The personal accounts of these men demonstrate that their sexual identity does not always become their primary identity and that different identities are constructed by individuals at different places and times. Most men indicated that the translation of their sexual desires and behaviors into the “political statement” of gay identity is not only difficult but is strongly resisted. Instead they chose to construct their identity in terms of their relationships with their families, their peers at work and other members of their community. The findings of this research may help develop an understanding of the complexities surrounding the “sexual and cultural” identities of Anglo-Cypriot gay men, thereby reinforcing the notion that identity is multiple, contested and contextual.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Constantinos N Phellas, School of Humanities at Intercollege, Cyprus

Constantinos N Phellas (PhD) is currently an associate professor in the School of Humanities at Intercollege, Nicosia, Cyprus. His research interests include sexualities, HIV/AIDS, public health and health promotion and education and the construction of sexual and cultural identities among ethnic minority communities. His publications focus on the intersection of gender and ethnicity and on the use of qualitative and quantitative methods in researching sexualities. He is also the director of a Research Unit in Behaviour and Social Issues (RUBSI) - an NGO based at Intercollege. The unit is currently involved in two research projects funded by the Cypriot Government on HIV/AIDS and the social aspects of diabetes in Cyprus and one project on gender discrimination funded by EU.

References

Bennett, Chris & Adrian Coyle (2001) “A minority within a minority: Identity and wellbeing among gay men with learning disabilities.” Lesbian & Gay Psychology Review 2: 9-15.
Google Scholar

Blane, David B. (1996) “Collecting retrospective data: Development of a reliable method and a pilot study of its use.” Social Science & Medicine 42: 751-757.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00340-1

Brewin, Chris R., Bernice Andrews and Ian H. Gotlib (1993) “Psychopathology and early experience: A reappraisal of retrospective reports.” Psychological Bulletin 113: 82-98.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.82

Breakwell, Glynis M. (1986) Coping with threatened identities. London: Methuen.
Google Scholar

Carballo-Dieguez, Alex (1989) “Hispanic culture, gay male culture, and AIDS: Counselling implications.” Journal of Counselling & Development 68: 26-30.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1989.tb02487.x

Cass, Vivien C. (1979) “Homosexual Identity Formation: A Theoretical Model.” Journal of Homosexuality 4(3): 219-235.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v04n03_01

Chan, Connie, S. (1992) “Cultural considerations in counseling Asian American lesbians and gay men.” In Counselling gay men and lesbians: Journey to the end of the rainbow, edited by S. Dworkin and F. Gutierrez. Alexandria, VA: American Association for Counselling and Development.
Google Scholar

Cochran, Susan D. (1988) “Optimal scaling of HIV-related sexual risk behaviours in ethnically diverse homosexually active men.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 63: 270-279.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.63.2.270

Coyle, Adrian & Deborah Rafalin (2000) “Jewish gay men’s accounts of negotiating cultural, religious, and sexual identity: A qualitative study.” Journal of Psychology and Human Diversity 12 (4): 21-48.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v12n04_02

De Monteflores, Carmen (1986) “Notes on the management of difference.” Pp. 73-101 in Contemporary perspectives on psychotherapy with lesbians and gay men, edited by T.S. Stein and C.J. Cohen. New York: Plenum Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9832-6_5

Elliott, Robert, Constance T., Fischer and David L. Rennie (1999) “Evolving guidelines for publication of qualitative research studies in psychology and related fields.” British Journal of Clinical Psychology 38: 215-229.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/014466599162782

Espin, Oliva M. (1984) “Cultural and historical influences on sexuality in Hispanic/Latin women:Implications for psychotherapy.” Pp. 149-164 in Pleasure and danger: Exploring female sexuality, edited by C. Vance. Routledge &Kegan Paul.
Google Scholar

Espin, Oliva M. (1987) “Issues of identity in the psychology of Latina lesbians.” Pp. 161-173 in Lesbian psychologies :Explorations and challenges, edited by Boston Lesbian Psychologies Collective. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Google Scholar

Flowers, Paul, Jonathan A Smith, Paschal Sheeran and Nigel Beail (1997) “Health and romance: Understanding unprotected sex in relationships between gay men.” British Journal of Health Psychology 2: 73-86.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.1997.tb00524.x

Goldberg, David J., & John D. Rayner (1989) The Jewish people: Their history and their religion. London: Penguin.
Google Scholar

Garnets, Linda and Douglas Kimmel (1991) “Lesbian and gay male dimensions in the psychological study of human diversity.” Pp. 156-160 in Psychological Perspectives on human diversity in America, edited by J. Goodchilds. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/11105-004

Golsworthy, Richard and Adrian Coyle (1999) “Spiritual beliefs and the search for meaning among older adults following partner loss.” Mortality 4: 21-40.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/713685964

Greene, Beverly (1994) “Ethnic minority lesbians and gay men: mental health and treatment issues.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 7: 49-66.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.243

Gutierrez, Fernando and Sari Dworkin (1992) “Gay, lesbian, and African-American:Managing the integration of identities”. In Counselling gay men and lesbians: Journey to the end of the rainbow, edited by S. Dworkin and F. Gutierrez. Alexandria, VA: American Association of Counselling and Development.
Google Scholar

Henwood, Karen L. and Nick F Pidgeon (1992) “Qualitative research and psychological theorizing.” British Journal of Psychology 83: 97-111.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02426.x

Hidalgo, Hilda (1984) “The PuertoRican lesbian in the United States.” In Women identified women, edited by T. Darty and S. Potter. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.
Google Scholar

Holmes, Susan, Adrian Coyle and Elaine Thompson (1997) “Quality of life in survivors of bone marrow transplant.” Journal of Cancer Nursing 1(3): 106-116.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-9825(97)80016-8

Jarman, Maria, Jonathan A.Smith and Sue Walsh (1997) “The psychological battle for control: A qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ understandings of the treatment of anorexia nervosa.” Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 7: 137-152.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1298(199704)7:2<137::AID-CASP404>3.0.CO;2-G

Lazarides, Gabriela (1994) “Sexuality and its Cultural Construction in Rural Greece”, Paper presentation at the BSA Conference, Sexualities in Social Context, University of Central Lancashire, 28-31 March, Preston, U.K.
Google Scholar

Macran, Susan, William B. Stiles and Jonathan A. Smith (1999) “How does personal therapy affect therapists’ practice?” Journal of Counselling Psychology 46: 419-431.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.46.4.419

Morales, Edward (1983) “Third world gays and lesbians: A process of multiple identities”. Paper presented at the 91st National Convention of the American Psychological Association, Anaheim, USA.
Google Scholar

Morales, Edward (1989) “Ethnic minority families and minority gays and lesbians.” Marriage and Family Review 14: 217-239.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v14n03_11

Morales, Edward (1990) “Ethnic minority families and minority gays and lesbians.” 155-176 in Homosexuality and family relations, edited by F. Bozett and M. Sussman. New York: The Haworth Press.
Google Scholar

Neisser, Uric (1994) “Self narratives: True and false.” Pp. 1-18 in The remembering self: Construction and accuracy in the self-narrative, edited by U. Neisser and R. Fivush. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511752858.003

Osborn, Mike and J.A. Smith (1998) “The personal experience of chronic benign lower back pain: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.” British Journal of Health Psychology 3: 65-83.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.1998.tb00556.x

Phellas, Constantinos (2002) The Construction of Sexual and Cultural Identities: Greek-Cypriot Men in Britain. London: Ashgate Publishers.
Google Scholar

Ross, Michael and Martin Conway (1986) “Remembering one’s own past: The construction of personal histories.” Pp. 122-144 in Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behaviour, edited by R.M. Sorrentino and E.T. Higgins. New York:Wiley.
Google Scholar

Rubin, David C., Scott E Wetzler and Robert D. Nebes (1986) “Autobiographical memory across the lifespan.” Pp. 202-221 in Autobiographical memory, edited by D.C. Rubin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511558313.018

Smith, Jonathan A. (1996) “Beyond the Divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology.” Psychology and Health 11: 261-271.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08870449608400256

Smith, Jonathan A. (1996) “Evolving issues for qualitative psychology.” Pp. 189-201 in Handbook of qualitative research methods for psychology and the social sciences, edited by J.T.E. Richardson. Leicester: BPS Books.
Google Scholar

Smith, Jonathan A. (1999) “Towards a relational self: Social management during pregnancy and psychological preparation for motherhood.” British Journal of Social Psychology 38: 409-426.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/014466699164248

Smith, Jonathan A., Paul Flowers and Mike Osborn (1997) “Interpretative phenomenological analysis and the psychology of health and illness.” In Material discourses of health and illness, edited by L. Yardley. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Smith, Jonathan A., Maria Jarman and Mike Osborn (1999) “Doing interpretative phenomenological analysis.” Pp. 218-240 in Qualitative health psychology: Theories & Methods, edited by M. Murray and K. Chamberlain. London: Sage.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446217870.n14

Tapinc, Husein (1992) “Masculinity, Femininity, and Turkish Male Homosexuality.” Pp. 39-49 in Modern Homosexualities. Fragments of Lesbian and Gay Experience, edited by K. Plummer. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Wagenaar, Willem A. (1986) “My memory: A study of autobiographical memory over six years.” Cognitive Psychology 18: 225-252.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(86)90013-7

Williams, Walter L. (1986) The Spirit and the flesh: Sexual diversity in American Indian culture. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2005-12-30

How to Cite

Phellas, C. N. (2005). Cypriot Gay Men’s Accounts of Negotiating Cultural and Sexual Identity: A Qualitative Study. Qualitative Sociology Review, 1(2), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.1.2.05

Issue

Section

Articles