Thinking Through New Methodologies. Sounding Out the City With Teenagers

Authors

  • Linda O’Keeffe Lancaster Institute of Contemporary Art, UK

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.11.1.01

Keywords:

New Methodologies, Sound, Sound Mapping, Soundwalks, Soundscape

Abstract

This paper explores the place for sound within social theory, more specifically, how sound as a subject can be interpreted methodologically. The paper examines the various methods implemented within a Ph.D. research project. The research adopted a participatory approach, examining the missing voices in the post design of place. In this way, the research focused on those groups often excluded in the design of urban space, teenagers. The methods included participant documented soundwalking, sound mapping, focus groups, and ethnographic soundwalks. This paper argues that a closer attention to sound, when examining the urban area, will help shape one’s understanding of the everyday. Methods that explore sound as part of the makeup of social life, either as place building or space making, whether they are politically intentional or historically relevant, need to be advanced.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Linda O’Keeffe, Lancaster Institute of Contemporary Art, UK

Linda O’Keeffe is a lecturer in Sound and Image at the Lancaster Institute of Contemporary Art. Her field of research is in the area of sound: in fine art, within new media technology, as well as examining urban sound as a sociological construct. She is currently working on a research project funded by the Irish Research Council investigating Co-Constructed Audio-Code Applications as a Platform of Social and Creative Engagement for Older People.

References

Aarts, Henk and Ap Dijksterhuis. 2003. “The Silence of the Library: Environment, Situational Norm, and Social Behavior.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84(1):18-28.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.18

Adams, Mags. 2009. “Hearing the City: Reflections on Soundwalking.” Qualitative Researcher 10:6-9.
Google Scholar

Adams, Mags et al. 2008. “Soundwalking as a Methodology for Understanding Soundscapes.” Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics 30:2-30.
Google Scholar

Augé, Marc. 2009. Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. London, New York: Verso Books.
Google Scholar

Augoyard, Jean-François. 1979. Step by Step: Everyday Walks in a French Urban Housing Project. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Google Scholar

Augoyard, Jean-François and Henry Torgue. 2006. Sonic Experience: A Guide to Everyday Sounds. Montreal, Kingston, London, Ithaca: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Google Scholar

Billstrom, Niklas and Ricardo Atienza. 2012. “Sound on Sound for a Better Sonic Environment?” Pp. 72-80 in The Global Composition. Sound, Media and the Environment, edited by S. Breitsameter and C. Soller-Eckert. Darmstadt: Fachbereich Media.
Google Scholar

Blesser, Barry and Linda-Ruth Salter. 2009. Spaces Speak, Are You Listening?: Experiencing Aural Architecture. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Google Scholar

Bowden, Matt. 2006. “Youth, Governance and the City: Towards a Critical Urban Sociology of Youth Crime and Disorder Prevention.” Retrieved April 01, 2013 http://arrow.dit.ie/cserart/1/
Google Scholar

Boyd, Danah. 2007. “Why Youth (Heart) Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life.” Pp. 1-26 in MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Learning—Youth, Identity, and Digital Media Volume, edited by D. Buckingham. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Google Scholar

Bull, Michael. 2000. Sounding Out the City: Personal Stereos and the Management of Everyday Life. Oxford, New York: Berg.
Google Scholar

Bull, Michael. 2008. Sound Moves: iPod Culture and Urban Experience. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Cahill, Michael. 1861. Remarks on the Present State of the Cattle Market of Dublin With Suggestions for Improvement of Smithfield and the Erection of a General Abattoir and Carcase Market. Dublin: Hodges, Smith & CO.
Google Scholar

Cain, Rebecca et al. 2008. “Sound-Scape: A Framework for Characterising Positive Urban Soundscapes.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123(5):3394.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2934071

de Certeau, Michel. 1988. The Practice of Everyday Life. London: California UP.
Google Scholar

Chandler, Daniel. 2010. “Biases of the Ear and Eye.” Retrieved October 12, 2010 http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/litoral/litoral.html
Google Scholar

Curtin, Aoife and Denis Linehan. 2002. “Where the Boys Are—Teenagers, Masculinity and a Sense of Place—IQDA.” Irish Geography 35:63-74.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00750770209555794

DCC. 2012. “Dublin City Council: Smithfield and Historic Area Project (HARP).” Retrieved April 10, 2012 http://www.dublincity.ie/YOURCOUNCIL/LOCALAREASERVICES/CENTRALAREA/REGENERATIONPROJECTS/Pages/SmithfieldandHistoricAreaProjectHARP.aspx
Google Scholar

Dee, Mike. 2008. “Towards a Matrix of Rights to Public Space for Children and Young People in Australia.” Retrieved October 22, 2012 http://eprints.qut.edu.au/18569/
Google Scholar

Degen, Mónica M. 2008. Sensing Cities: Regenerating Public Life in Barcelona and Manchester. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Degen, Mónica M. and Gillian Rose. 2012. “The Sensory Experiencing of Urban Design: The Role of Walking and Perceptual Memory.” Urban Studies 49(15):3271-3287.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098012440463

Drobnick, Jim. 2004. Aural Cultures. Toronto: YYZ Books.
Google Scholar

Dyson, Frances. 2009. Sounding New Media: Immersion and Embodiment in the Arts and Culture. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520944848

EHA. 2010. Designing Soundscape for Sustainable Urban Development. Stockholm: Environment and Health Administration.
Google Scholar

Emmel, Nick and Andrew Clark. 2009. “The Methods Used in Connected Lives: Investigating Networks, Neighbourhoods and Communities.” NCRM Working Paper. National Centre for Research Methods. Retrieved December 05, 2014 http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/800/
Google Scholar

Feld, Steven. 1993. “From Ethnomusicology to Echo-Muse-Ecology: Reading R. Murray Schafer in the Papua New Guinea Rainforest.” Retrieved December 05, 2014 http://www.acousticecology.org/writings/echomuseecology.html
Google Scholar

Feld, Steven. 2012. Sound and Sentiment Birds, Weeping, Poetics, and Song in Kaluli Expression. Durham: Duke University Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822395898

Ferrington, Gary et al., (eds.). 2000. “Soundscape.” The Journal of Acoustic Ecology 1(1).
Google Scholar

Finnegan, Ruth. 2002. Communicating: The Multiple Modes of Human Interconnection. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Fisher, Sue. 1993. “The Pull of the Fruit Machine: A Sociological Typology of Young Players.” The Sociological Review 41(3):446-474.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1993.tb00073.x

Fortune, R. D. M. M. and R. C. G. Enger. 2005. “Violence Against Women and the Role of Religion.” VAWnet: The National Online Resource Center on Violence Against Women. Retrieved January 30, 2013 http://vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/AR_VAWReligion.pdf
Google Scholar

Geertz, Clifford. 1977. The Interpretation Of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Google Scholar

Gell-Mann, Murray and Constantino Tsallis. 2004. Nonextensive Entropy: Interdisciplinary Applications. New York: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159769.001.0001

Hagood, Mack. 2011. “Quiet Comfort: Noise, Otherness, and the Mobile Production of Personal Space.” Pp. 573-589 in Sound Clash: Listening to American Studies, edited by K. Keeling and J. Kun. New York: American Quarterly.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2011.0036

Hamnett, Chris. 1991. “The Blind Men and the Elephant: The Explanation of Gentrification.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 16(2):173-189.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/622612

Haraway, Donna, (ed.). 1991. “Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century.” Pp. 149-181 in Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Harding, Sandra and Kathryn Norberg. 2005. “New Feminist Approaches to Social Science Methodologies: An Introduction.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 30(4):1-7.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/428420

Hofmeyer, Anne T. and Catherine M. Scott. 2008. “Moral Geography of Focus Groups With Participants Who Have Preexisting Relationships in the Workplace.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 6(2):69-79.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690700600207

Imai, Heide. 2008. “Senses on the Move: Multisensory Encounters With Street Vendors in the Japanese Urban Alleyway Roji.” The Senses and Society 3(3):329-338.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2752/174589308X331350

Ito, Mitzuko. 2004. “Mobile Phones, Japanese Youth, and the Replacement of Social Content.” Pp. 131-148 in Mobile Communications: Re-Negotiation of the Social Sphere, edited by R. Ling and P. Pedersen. London: Springer.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-248-9_9

Kato, Yuki. 2006. “Skating the Burb: The Regulations and the Negotiations of Suburban Teenage Skateboarding.” ASA Annual Meeting. Retrieved December 06, 2014 http://pl.scribd.com/doc/43299999/Skating-the-Burb-The-Regulations-and-the-Negotiations-of-Suburban-Teenage-Skateboarding#scribd
Google Scholar

Kimmel, Michael. 2009. The Gendered Society. New York: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar

Konrad, Sonia P. 2006. Breaking the Silence A Training Manual for Activists, Advocates and Latina Organizers. San Francisco: Family Violence Prevention Fund.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/e601702012-001

Kreutzfeld, Jacob. 2006. “Ishibashi Soundscape Investigating the Soundscape of Urban Japan.” Studies in Urban Cultures 8:88-99.
Google Scholar

Lefebvre, Henri. 1992. The Production of Space. Dundee, MI: Wiley-Blackwell.
Google Scholar

Matthews, Hugh, Melanie Limb, and Barry Percy-Smith. 1998. “Changing Worlds: The Microgeographies of Young Teenagers.” Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 89(2):193-202.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9663.00018

Matthews, Hugh, Melanie Limb, and Mark Taylor. 1999. “Reclaiming the Street: The Discourse of Curfew.” Environment and Planning A 31(10):1713-1730.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/a311713

McCarthy, L. M. 1990. “Evolution, Present Condition and Future Potential of the Smithfield Area of Dublin.” Irish Geography 23(2):90-106.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00750779009478755

Moore, Niamh. 1999. “Rejuvenating Docklands: The Irish Context.” Irish Geography 32(2):135-149.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00750779909478607

Neuburger, Louisa. 2004. Involving Young People in the Design and Care of Urban Spaces. Retrieved October 22, 2012 http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110118095356/http:/www.cabe.org.uk/files/what-would-you-do-with-this-space.pdf
Google Scholar

NUIM. 2012. “Social Research Ethics Sub Committee (SRESC) | Research Office | NUI Maynooth.” Retrieved November 15, 2012 http://research.nuim.ie/support-services/research-ethics/SSRESC
Google Scholar

Oliveros, Pauline. 2005. Deep Listening: A Composer’s Sound Practice. New York: iUniverse.
Google Scholar

Osborne, Peter. 2001. “Non-Places and the Spaces of Art.” The Journal of Architecture 6(2):183-194.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602360110048203

Patterson, Graeme. 1990. History and Communications: Harold Innis, Marshall McLuhan, the Interpretation of History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442664807

Peillon, Michel and Mary Corcoran. 2004. Place and Non-Place: The Reconfiguration of Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration.
Google Scholar

Pipher, Mary. 2005. Reviving Ophelia: Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girl. New York: Riverhead Trade.
Google Scholar

Rabinow, Paul and William M. Sullivan. 1979. Interpretive Social Science: A Reader. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520340343

Raby, Rebecca. 2010. “Public Selves, Inequality, and Interruptions: The Creation of Meaning in Focus Groups with Teens.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 9(1):1-15.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/160940691000900101

Reflecting City. 2012. “North West.” Retrieved April 21, 2012 http://www.reflectingcity.com/north-west/comments/harp-iap/
Google Scholar

Ronayne, Tom, N. J. McDonald, and H. V. Smith. 1981. Noise, Stress and Work. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Condisions.
Google Scholar

Schafer, R. Murray. 1977. The Soundscape. Reprinted as Our Sonic Environment and the Soundscape: The Tuning of the World. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions International, 1993. New York: Knopf.
Google Scholar

Schwartz, Hillel. 2011. Making Noise: From Babel to the Big Bang and Beyond. Cambridge: Zone.
Google Scholar

Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine. 2006. “Judging Quality: Evaluative Criteria and Epistemic Communities.” Pp. 89-113 in Interpretation and Method: Wmpirical Research Methods and Interpretive Turn, edited by D. Yanow and P. Schwartz-Shea. Armon, NY: M. E. Sharp.
Google Scholar

Sémidor, Catherine. 2006. “Listening to a City With the Soundwalk Method.” Acta Acustica with Acustica 92(6):959-964.
Google Scholar

Synnott, Anthony. 1992. “The Eye and I: A Sociology of Sight.” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 5(4):617-636.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01419559

Travlou, Penny. 2003. “Teenagers and Public Space.” Retrieved December 06, 2014 http://www.openspace.eca.ed.ac.uk/pdf/teenagerslitrev.pdf
Google Scholar

Truax, Barry. 2000. Acoustic Communication. New York: Praeger.
Google Scholar

Venot, Flora and Catherine Sémidor. 2006. “The ‘Soundwalk’ as an Operational Component for Urban Design.” PLEA 2006—The 23rd Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, September 06-08, Geneva, Switzerland.
Google Scholar

Waskul, Dennis D., Phillip Vannini, and Janelle Wilson. 2009. “The Aroma of Recollection: Olfaction, Nostalgia, and the Shaping of the Sensuous Self.” The Senses and Society 4(1):5-22.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2752/174589309X388546

Westerkamp, Hildegard. 2000. “The Local and Global ‘Language’ of Environmental Sound.” Retrieved March 17, 2010 http://www.sfu.ca/~westerka/writings%20page/articles%20pages/localglobal.html
Google Scholar

Westerkamp, Hildegard. 2007. “Soundwalking.” Pp. 49 in Autumn Leaves, Sound and the Environment in Artistic Practice, edited by A. Carlyle. Paris: Double Entendre.
Google Scholar

Westerkamp, Hildegard. 2012. “Soundwalk Practice: An Agent for Change?” Pp. 55-70 in The Global Composition. Sound, Media and the Environment, edited by S. Breitsameter and C. Soller-Eckert. Darmstadt: Fachbereich Media.
Google Scholar

Ystad, Solvi et al. 2010. Auditory Display: 6th International Symposium, CMMR/ICAD 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 18-22, 2009, Revised Papers. Berlin: Springer.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12439-6

Downloads

Published

2015-01-31

How to Cite

O’Keeffe, L. (2015). Thinking Through New Methodologies. Sounding Out the City With Teenagers. Qualitative Sociology Review, 11(1), 6–32. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.11.1.01

Issue

Section

Articles