Spór sukcesyjny, którego nie było? Problemy mongolskiej polityki wewnętrznej 1221–1229

Rafał Szewczyk

doi:10.18778/0208-6050.118.02

Authors

Rafał Szewczyk Uniwersytet Łódzki / University of Lodz https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2820-5804

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6050.118.02

Keywords:

Genghis Khan, Mongol Empire, Domestic Politics of the Mongol Empire, Jochi, Cháng Chūn

Abstract

The article analyses the Mongol Empire domestic politics in the years 1221–1229. It is devoted to the problems of succession that occurred after the Mongol army withdrawal from the Khwarazmian campaign. It questions the version of succession struggle in the Yeke Mongol Ulus, which appeared in The Secret History of the Mongols. The author argues that the account of the succession of power in the Mongol state, which can be read in The Secret History of the Mongols, is partly false. This is because of the inclusion of Jochi during the conversation between Genghis Khan and his other sons. The latest research, supplemented by the account of Rashid ad-Din, shows that Jochi could not have had this conversation, due to his sickness. Additional attention is given to the influence of Genghis Khan’s old age on his political decisions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Rafał Szewczyk, Uniwersytet Łódzki / University of Lodz

Mgr Rafał Szewczyk – absolwent historii II stopnia na Uniwersytecie Łódzkim. W 2025 r. zakończył studia magisterskie, pisząc pracę dyplomową pt. Polityka Mongołów wobec krajów Bliskiego Wschodu w latach 1219–1265 w świetle wybranych źródeł.
Zainteresowania naukowe: historia imperium mongolskiego oraz Chin w średniowieczu.

References

A Soup for the Qan. Chinese Dietary Medicine of the Mongol Era As Seen in Hu Sihui’s Yinshan Zhengyao, transl., ed. P. D. Buell, Leiden–Boston 2010.
Google Scholar

Li Chich-Ch’ang, The travels of an Alchemist. The Journey of the Taoist, Ch’ang-Ch’un, from China to the Hindukush, at the Summons of Chingiz Khan, Recorded by His Disciple, Li Chich Ch’ang, transl., ed. A. Walley, London–Ashford 1931.
Google Scholar

Rashiduddin, Jami’ u’t -tawarikh: Compendium of Chronicles, eds Ş. Tekin, G. A. Tekin, transl. W. M. Thackston, Harvard 1998.
Google Scholar

The Secret History of the Mongols. A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century, transl., ed. I. de Rachewiltz, vol. I–III, wyd. zbiorcze, Leiden–Boston 2004–2013.
Google Scholar

Tajna historia Mongołów. Anonimowa kronika mongolska z XIII wieku, przekł. i oprac. S. Kałużyński, Warszawa 1970.
Google Scholar

Allsen T. T., Imperial Ideology, [w:] The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire, eds M. Biran, H. Kim, vol. I (Political History), Cambridge 2023, s. 444–459. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316337424.008
Google Scholar

Dunnell R. W., The Rise of Chinggis Khan and the United Empire, 1206–1260, [w:] The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire, eds M. Biran, H. Kim, vol. I (Political History), Cambridge 2023, s. 19–106. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316337424.002
Google Scholar

Feng Youlan, Krótka historia filozofii chińskiej, red. D. Bodde, przekł. M. Zagrodzki, oprac. T. Skowroński, Warszawa 2001.
Google Scholar

Forbes-Manz B., Nomads in the Middle East, Cambridge–New York–Melbourne 2021. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139028813
Google Scholar

Forbes-Manz B., The Mongol Conquest of Iran, [w:] The Mongol World, eds T. May, M. Hope, London–New York 2022, s. 196–212. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315165172-16
Google Scholar

Guangyu Zhao, Weixing Zhang, Zheng Duan et al., Mercury as a Geophysical Tracer Gas – Emissions from the Emperor Qin Tomb in Xi’an Studied by Laser Radar, „Scientific Reports” 2020, vol. X, no. 10414, s. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67305-x
Google Scholar

Hartog de L., Genghis Khan. Conqueror of the World, London 2004.
Google Scholar

Hope M., Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate of Iran, Oxford 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198768593.001.0001
Google Scholar

Kazuyuki Tsuruma, Shǐhuángdì – Qínshǐhuáng hé tā shēnghuó de shídài, transl. Yáng Zhènhóng, Yìn Fēi, Pekin 2019 [epub].
Google Scholar

Maiorov A., The first Mongol Invasion of Europe: Goals and Results, „Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society” 2021, vol. XXXII, no. 2, s. 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186321000353
Google Scholar

May T., Mongol Empire, Edinburgh 2018. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474417402
Google Scholar

May T., The Mongol Art Of War and the Tsunami Strategy, „Golden Horde Civilization” 2015, vol. VIII, s. 31–37.
Google Scholar

May T., The Rise of Chinggis Khan, [w:] The Mongol World, eds T. May, M. Hope, London–New York 2022, s. 51–67. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315165172-6
Google Scholar

McDougall S., Bastard Priests: Illegitimacy and Ordination in Medieval Europe, „Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies” 2019, vol. XCIV, no. 1, s. 138–172. https://doi.org/10.1086/700982
Google Scholar

McDougall S., The Royal Bastards. The Birth of Illegitimacy, 800–1230, Oxford 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198785828.001.0001
Google Scholar

McLynn F., Genghis Khan. His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy, Boston 2015.
Google Scholar

Mellvile C., Anatolia under the Mongols, [w:] The Cambridge History of Turkey, vol. I (Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453), Cambridge 2009, s. 51–101. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620932.004
Google Scholar

Mirgaleyev I., The Formation of Ulus of Jochi, [w:] The Golden Horde in World History, eds R. Khakimov, M. Favereau, Kazan 2017, s. 70–75.
Google Scholar

Pancella P., Qin Shi Huangdi. First Emperor of China, Chicago 2004.
Google Scholar

Peers C., Genghis Khan and the Mongol War Machine, Barnsley 2015.
Google Scholar

Rachewiltz de I., Some Remarks on the Ideological Foundations of Chingis Khan’s Empire, [w:] The History of Mongolia, eds D. Sneath, C. Kaplonski, vol. II, Kent 2010, s. 165–169. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004216358_009
Google Scholar

Ratchnevsky P., Genghis Khan. His Life and Legacy, transl. T. Nivison Haining, Oxford– Cambridge 1991.
Google Scholar

Sverdrup C. F., The Mongol Conquests. The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sübe’etei, Solihull 2016.
Google Scholar

Walley A., Introduction, [w:] Li Chih-ch’ang, The Travels of an Alchemist. The Journey of the Taoist, Ch’ang-Ch’un, from China to the Hindukush, at the Summons of Chingiz Khan, Recorded by His Disciple, Li Chich Ch’ang, transl., ed. A. Walley, London–Ashford 1931, s. 1–40.
Google Scholar

Weatherford J., Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York 2004.
Google Scholar

Wood F., The First Emperor of China, London 2007.
Google Scholar

Wright D.C., The Mongol Conquest of the Jin Empire, 1211–1234, [w:] The Mongol World, eds T. May, M. Hope, London–New York 2022, s. 101–117. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315165172-10
Google Scholar

Wright D.C., The Mongol Conquest of Xi Xia, [w:] The Mongol World, eds T. May, M. Hope, London–New York 2022, s. 89–100. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315165172-9
Google Scholar

Zhōu Liángxiāo, Yuánshǐ, ed. Gāo Xiàohóng, Szanghaj 2019.
Google Scholar

Kyčanov E., Čingishan i obrazovanie edinogo mongol’skogo gosudarstva, [w:] Istoriâ Tatar s drevnih vremen, t. III (Ulus Džuči, Zolotaâ Orda, XIII – seredina XV v.), Kazan’ 2009, s. 84–89.
Google Scholar

Wang Che, [w:] Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wang-Che (dostęp: 30 X 2024).
Google Scholar