The age difference in 2D:4D among the Polish population: An exploratory study

Authors

  • Paulina Pruszkowska-Przybylska University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Anthropology image/svg+xml https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7826-8715
  • Magdalena Kobus University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Anthropology image/svg+xml
  • Elżbieta Żądzińska University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit; University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Anthropology image/svg+xml
  • Iwona Rosset University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Anthropology image/svg+xml https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-1912
  • Milena Pruszkowska Medical University of Lodz, Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Lodz, Poland image/svg+xml
  • Wojciech Kuczyński Medical University of Lodz, Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Lodz, Poland image/svg+xml https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-2103
  • Aneta Sitek University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Anthropology image/svg+xml https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-1997

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.4.08

Keywords:

digit ratio, prenatal testosterone, prenatal sex hormones proportion

Abstract

In this study a widely debated association between 2D:4D digit ratio and age was investigated. The study material included 960 individuals (530 females and 430 males) from Central Poland aged between 6–79 years. The information about age was obtained via survey filled in by study participants or, if underaged, their parents. The direct measurements of the second and fourth finger were performed to assess the 2D:4D digit ratio. The 2D:4D digit ratios for the left hand were significantly correlated with age both among females and males. In women the 2D:4D digit ratios for the right hand were significantly correlated with age. There were also significant differences in digit ratio between age groups. The results of our study suggest that there might be an association between digit ratio and age, and the direction of the correlation might be related to the phase of the ontogenesis.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Brown WM, Finn CJ, Breedlove SM. 2022. Sexual dimorphism in digit-length ratios of laboratory mice. Anat Rec 267:231–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.10108
View in Google Scholar

Butovskaya M, Burkova V, Apalkova Y. et al. 2021. Sex, population origin, age and average digit length as predictors of digit ratio in three large world populations. Sci Rep 11:8157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87394-6
View in Google Scholar

de Sanctis V, Soliman AT, Elsedfy H, Soliman N, Elalaily R, Di Maio S. Is the Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) a Biomarker of Sex-Steroids Activity? 2017. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 14(4):378–386. https://doi.org/10.17458/per.vol14.2017.SSE.SexSteroids
View in Google Scholar

Guo J, Wu C, Zhang J, Li W, Lv S, Lu D, Qi X, Feng C, Liang W, Chang X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Cao Y, Wang G, Zhou Z. 2020. Prenatal exposure to multiple phenolic compounds, fetal reproductive hormones, and the second to fourth digit ratio of children aged 10 years in a prospective birth cohort. Chemosphere 263:127877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127877
View in Google Scholar

Hönekopp J, Bartholdt L, Beier L, Liebert A. 2007. Second to fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) and adult sex hormone levels: new data and a meta-analytic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32:313–321 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.01.007
View in Google Scholar

Kasielska-Trojan A, Manning JT, Antczak A, Dutkowska A, Kuczyński W, Sitek A, Antoszewski B. 2020. Digit ratio (2D: 4D) in women and men with lung cancer. Scientific Reports 10(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68239-0
View in Google Scholar

Knickmeyer RC, Woolson S, Hamer RM, Konneker T, Gilmore JH. 2011. 2D:4D ratios in the first 2 years of life: Stability and relation to testosterone exposure and sensitivity. Horm Behav 60(3):256–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.05.009
View in Google Scholar

Kobus M, Sitek A, Rosset I, Pruszkowska-Przybylska P, Żądzińska E. 2021. Association of prenatal sex steroid exposure estimated by the digit ratio (2D:4D) with birth weight, BMI and muscle strength in 6-to 13-year-old Polish children. Plos One 16(10):e0258179. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258179
View in Google Scholar

Kobus M, Sitek A, Antoszewski B, Rożniecki J, Pełka J, Żądzińska E. 2021. Prenatal oestrogen-testosterone balance as a risk factor of migraine in adults. J Headache Pain 22:119. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01326-3
View in Google Scholar

Kowal M, Sorokowski P, Żelaźniewicz A, et al. 2020. No relationship between the digit ratios (2D:4D) and salivary testosterone change: Study on men under an acute exercise. Sci Rep 10:10068. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66915-9
View in Google Scholar

Körner LM, Schaper ML, Pause BM, Heil M. 2020. Parent-Reports of Sex-Typed Play Preference in Preschool Children: Relationships to 2D:4D Digit Ratio and Older Siblings’ Sex. Arch Sex Behav 49(7):2715–2724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01662-6
View in Google Scholar

Králík M, Ingrová P, Kozieł S, Hupková A, Klíma O. 2017. Overall trends vs. individual trajectories in the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) and metacarpal (2M:4M) ratios during puberty andadolescence. Am J Phys Anthropol 162(4):641–656. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23153
View in Google Scholar

Kyriakidis I. 2021. Data regarding 2D:4D and other digit ratios in Greek population. Data in brief 34:106724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.106724
View in Google Scholar

Lacroix B, Wolff-Quenot MJ, Haffen K. 1984. Early human hand morphology: an estimation of fetal age. Early Hum Dev 9(2):127–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3782(84)90093-8
View in Google Scholar

Lutchmaya S, Baron-Cohen S, Raggatt P, Knickmeyer R, Manning JT. 2004. 2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol. Early Hum Dev 77(1–2):23–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.12.002
View in Google Scholar

Manning J, Kilduff L, Cook C, Crewther B, Fink B. 2014a. Digit ratio (2D:4D): a biomarker for prenatal sex steroids and adult sex steroids in challenge situations. Front Endocrinol 5:9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2014.00009
View in Google Scholar

Manning JT, Fink B. 2018. Sexual dimorphism in the ontogeny of second (2D) and fourth (4D) digit lengths, and digit ratio (2D:4D). Am J Hum Biol 30(4):e23138. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23138
View in Google Scholar

McIntyre MH, Cohn BA, Ellison PT. 2006. Sex dimorphism in digital formulae of children. Am J Phys Anthropol 129(1):143–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20240
View in Google Scholar

Muller DC, Giles GG, Bassett J. et al. 2011. Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and concentrations of circulating sex hormones in adulthood. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 9:57. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-9-57
View in Google Scholar

Pruszkowska-Przybylska P, Sitek A, Rosset I, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Słomka M, Strapagiel D, Żądzińska E. 2018. Association of the 2D: 4D digit ratio with body composition among the Polish children aged 6–13 years. Early Hum Dev 124:26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.08.001
View in Google Scholar

Pruszkowska-Przybylska P, Sitek A, Rosset I, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Słomka M, Strapagiel D, Żądzińska E, Morling N. 2021. Associations between second to fourth digit ratio, cortisol, vitamin D, and body composition among Polish children. Scientific Reports 11(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86521-7
View in Google Scholar

Richards G, Bellin W, Davies W. 2017. Familial digit ratio (2D:4D) associations in a general population sample from Wales. Early Hum Dev 112:14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.06.006
View in Google Scholar

Sammer DM, Chung KC. 2009. Congenital hand differences: embryology and classification. Hand Clin 25(2):151–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcl.2009.02.002
View in Google Scholar

Sitek A, Kozieł S, Kasielska-Trojan A, Antoszewski B. 2018. Do skin and hair pigmentation in prepubertal and early pubertal stages correlate with 2D:4D?. Am J Hum Biol 30(6):e12631. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23183
View in Google Scholar

Trivers R, Manning J, Jacobson A. 2006. A longitudinal study of digit ratio (2D:4D) and other finger ratios in Jamaican children. Horm Behav 49(2):150–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.05.023
View in Google Scholar

Trivers R, Jacobson A, Manning JT. 2020. Radiographic digit ratios (2D:4D) of Afro- Caribbean children: Comparisons with published data from white children. Early Hum Dev 146:105072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105072
View in Google Scholar

Zheng Z, Cohn MJ. 2011. Developmental basis of sexually dimorphic digit ratios. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(39):16289–16294. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1108312108
View in Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2023-12-21 — Updated on 2024-02-12

Versions

How to Cite

Pruszkowska-Przybylska, P., Kobus, M., Żądzińska, E., Rosset, I., Pruszkowska, M., Kuczyński, W., & Sitek, A. (2024). The age difference in 2D:4D among the Polish population: An exploratory study. Anthropological Review, 86(4), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.4.08 (Original work published December 21, 2023)

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >> 

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.