Anthropometric craniofacial pattern profiles in microcephaly

Ghada M.H. Abdel-Salam; Gyula Gyenis; Andrew E. Czeizel

doi:10.18778/1898-6773.65.06

Authors

Ghada M.H. Abdel-Salam Department of Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Tahrir street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Gyula Gyenis Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary
Andrew E. Czeizel Foundation for the Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Bolgárkerék u. 3, Budapest, Hungary

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.65.06

Keywords:

microcephaly, cranial capacity, IQ

Abstract

Craniofacial measurements were taken in 60 cases presenting with microcephaly. The cases were classified etiologically and morphologically and the latter was further subclassified. Craniofacial pattern profiles, cranial capacity, and the pattern variability index were calculated and compared with normal Hungarian controls of the same age and sex. In addition, correlation analysis between cranial capacity and IQ was done. Our results show significant similarity of the craniofacial pattern profiles between isolated microcephaly (IMC) and multiple microcephaly (MMC), and between primary microcephaly (PMC) and secondary microcephaly (SMC). The pattern variability index of the microcephalic cases was 4.77. There was no correlation between cranial capacity and IQ in the microcephalic patients.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ABDEL-SALAM G.M.H., A.E. CZEIZEL, 2000, The second unrelated case with isolated microcephaly and normal intelligence (Microcephalia vera), Clinic. Dysmorph., 2, 155-156
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00019605-200009020-00019

ALLANSON J.E., P. O’HARA, L.G. FARKAS, R.C. NAIR, 1993, Anthropometric craniofacial pattern profiles in Down syndrome, Am. J. Med. Genet., 47, 748-752
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320470530

ALLANSON J.E., T.R.P. COLE, 1996, Sotos syndrome: Evolution of facial phenotype subjective and objective assessment, Am. J. Med. Genet., 65, 13-20
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19961002)65:1<13::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-Z

BARKOVICH A.J., R.I. KUZNIECKY, W.B. DOBYNS, G.D. JACKSON, L.E. BECKER, P.A. EVRARD, 1996, Classification scheme for malformations of cortical development, Neuropediatr., 27, 59-63
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-973750

BARAITSER M. 1982, The genetics of neurological disorders, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford
View in Google Scholar

COHEN T., M. ZEITUNE, J. MCGILLIVRAY, J. HALL, L.N. LYNN, C.E. ASTON, A. CHAKRAVARTI, 1996, Segregation analysis of microcephaly, Am. J. Med. Genet., 65, 226-234
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19961028)65:3<226::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-Q

DOLK H., 1991, The predictive value of micro-cephaly during the first year of life for mental retardation at seven years, Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 33, 974-983
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1991.tb14813.x

EIBEN O.G., 1967, Gyermekek fejés arcméreteinek változásai nyugatmagyarországi vizsgálatok alapján (Changes of head and face dimensions of children on the basis of West-Hungarian surveys), Anthr. Közlem., 11, 165-185
View in Google Scholar

EIBEN O.G., M. FARKAS, I. KÖRMENDY, A. PAKSY, Z. VARGA TEGHZE-GERBER, P. VARGHA, 1992, A budapesti longitudinális növekedésvizsgálat 1970-1988 (The Budapest Longitudinal Growth Study 1970-1988), Humbiol. Budapest., 23, 208
View in Google Scholar

FARKAS L.G., 1981, Anthropometry of the Head and Face in Medicine, New York, Elsevier
View in Google Scholar

GARN S.M., M. LAVELLE, B.H. SMITH, 1985, Quantification of dysmorphogenesis: Pattern variability index z, Am. J. Radiol., 144, 365-369
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.144.2.365

GROSS-TSUR V., A. JOSEPH, G. BLINDER, N. AMIR, 1995, Familial microcephaly with severe neurological deficits: A description of five affected siblings, Clinic. Genet., 47, 33-37
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1995.tb03918.x

HOLMES L.B., C. MACK, H.W. MOSER, S.S. PANT, S. HALLDORSSON, B. MATZILEVICH, 1972, Mental Retardation: An Atlas of Diseases with Associated Physical Abnormalities, New York, MacMillan
View in Google Scholar

HUNTER A.G.W., J.E. ALLANSON, 1993, The changing face and its anthropometric correlates in Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome, Proc. Greenwood Genet. Cen., 12, 29
View in Google Scholar

JACKSON A.P., D. MCHALE, D. CAMPBELL, H. JAFRI, Y. RASHID, J. MANNAN, G. KARBANI, P. CORRY, M. LEVENE, R. MUELLER, A. MARK-HAM, N. LENCH, C. WOODS, 1998, Primary autosomal recessive microcephaly (MCPH1) maps to chromosome 8p22-pter, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 63, 541-546
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/301966

JOUBERT K., R. ÁGFALVI, S. DARVAY, 1993, Módszertani összeállítás a 0-6 éves korú gyermekek növekedésének és fejlődésének vizsgálatához (Methods for the examination of the growth and development of the children between 0-6 years of age), Országos Csecsemő és Gyermekegészségügyi Intézet, Budapest
View in Google Scholar

MARTIN R., K. SALLER, 1957, Lehrbuch der Anthropologie, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart
View in Google Scholar

MITCHELL S., S. BUNDEY, 1997, Symmetry of neurological signs in Pakistani patients with probable inherited spastic cerebral palsy, Clinic. Genet., 51, 7-14
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1997.tb02406.x

NELLHAUS G., 1968, Head circumference from birth to eighteen years: Practical composite international and interracial graphs, Pediatr., 41, 106-114
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.41.1.106

OPITZ J.M., M.C. HOLT, 1990, Microcephaly: General considerations and aids to nosology, J. Craniofac. Genet. Develop. Biol., 10, 175-204
View in Google Scholar

QAZI Q.H., T.E. REED, 1973, A problem in diagnosis of primary versus secondary microcephaly, Clin. Genet., 4, 46-52
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1973.tb01121.x

RIZZO R., L. PAVONE, 1995, Autosomal recessive microcephaly in two siblings, one with normal IQ and both with protruding mandible, small ears and curved nose, Am. J. Med. Genet., 59, 421-425
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320590405

SCHEFFER I.E., M. BARAITSER, J. WILSON, C. GODFREY, E.M. BRETT, 1992, Autosomal recessive microcephaly with severe psycho-motor retardation, Neuropediatr., 23, 53-56
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1071313

WARD, R.E., P.L. JAMISON, L.G. FARKAS, 1998, Craniofacial variability index: A simple measure of normal and abnormal variation in the head and face, Am. J. Med. Genet., 80, 232-240
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19981116)80:3<232::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-0