The Christian Nubia and the Arabs

Autor

  • Małgorzata Martens-Czarnecka Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2084-140X.05.08

Słowa kluczowe:

Nubia, early Christianity, Arabs, Byzantium, Christian Church, Nobadia, Makuria

Abstrakt

Nubia constituted the area in the Nile Valley in the present day Sudan, the area which spread from the first cataract up to the place where the White Nile meets the Blue Nile. The area was inhabited by the population using a common language – Old Nubian. In the second half of the sixth century thanks to the missions send by the Byzantine Court, Nubia accepted Christianity as a state religion. Nubia immediately found itself in the area of influence of Byzantine culture. Byzantine administration, liturgy of the Eastern Church and the Greek language were introduced. In 641 the Arab conquest of Egypt took place. Soon after that in 642, the Arab army entered the Nubian territory and from this date centuries of clashes and peace treaties characterized relations between Nubians and Arab peoples. The 13th century marks slow decline of the kingdom of Nubia. Hostile Negro tribes from the South and South-West appear in the Mid Valley of Nile. Fights weaken the kingdom; slow islamization of the country follows, royal rule and Christian faith falls and together with those culture and arts deteriorates. The history of military as well as political or commercial Nubian-Arabic contacts over entire period of existence of Christian kingdom of Nubia undoubtedly had to bring about certain artistic trends in Nubia originating from rich heritage of Muslim culture. The culture of Christian Nubia originally based to considerable extent on Byzantine art, in course of time, subjected to more and more intense Arabic influence, significantly changed. Arabic components seen in Nubian church architecture, wall painting and art crafts became predominant, which over following centuries led to creation of Arabic culture of the contemporary Sudan.

Pobrania

Brak dostępnych danych do wyświetlenia.

Bibliografia

Adams W. Y., Nordström H–Ä., The Archeological Survey on the West Bank of the Nile, Ku 11, 1963, p. 10–46. Blair S., Islamic Inscriptions, Edinburgh 1998.
Google Scholar

Bloom J., Blair S., Islamic Arts, London 1997.
Google Scholar

Erster G., Nubien, Goldland am Nil, Zürich–Stuttgart 1964.
Google Scholar

Gartkiewicz P. M., New Outline of the History of Nubian Church Architecture, BAB 55, 1980, p. 137–144.
Google Scholar

Hägg T., Some remarks on the use of Greek in Nubia, [in:] Nubian Studies. Proceedings of the Symposium for Nubian Studies, Cambridge 1978, ed. J. M. Plumley, Warminster 1982, p. 103–107.
Google Scholar

Islam. Art and Architecture, ed. M. Hattstein, P. Delius, Cologne 2000.
Google Scholar

Jakobielski S., Faras III. A History of the Bishopric of Pachoras on the Basis of Coptic Inscriptions, Warszawa 1972.
Google Scholar

Kirwan L., Studies on the History of Late Antique and Christian Nubia, eds. T. Hägg, L. Tőrők, D. A. Welsby, Suffolk 2002.
Google Scholar

Leroy J., Les manuscrits syriaques ŕ peitures conservés dans les bibliothéques d’Europe et d’Orient, Paris 1964.
Google Scholar

Leroy J., Les manuscrits coptes et coptes-arabes illustrés, Paris 1974.
Google Scholar

Martens-Czarnecka M., Byzantine Models in Nubian Iconography, GAMAR 6, 2010, p. 109–118.
Google Scholar

Martens-Czarnecka M., Faras VII. Les éléments décoratifs sur les peintures de la Cathédrale de Faras, Varsovie 1982.
Google Scholar

Martens-Czarnecka M., The Wall Paintings from The Monastery on Kom H in Dongola, Warsaw 2011.
Google Scholar

Michałowski K., La Nubie chrétienne, AfB 3, 1965, p. 9–26.
Google Scholar

Monneret de Villard U., Storia della Nubia christiana, Roma 1936.
Google Scholar

Plumley J. M., Qasr Ibrim and Islam, ET.SP 12, 1983, p. 157–170.
Google Scholar

Ryl-Preibisz I., Architectural Decorative Elements Recently Discovered at Dongola, [in:] Actes de la VIIIe Conférence International des Études Nubienne, Lille 11 – 17 septembre 1994, vol. II, Découvertes archéologiques, Lille 1997, p. 227–234.
Google Scholar

Säve-Söderbergh T., Preliminary Report of the Scandinavian Joint Expedition, Ku 11, 1963, p. 66–67.
Google Scholar

Tőrők L., Money, Economy and Administration in Christian Nubia, [in:] Études Nubiennes, Colloque de Chantilly 1975, Le Caire 1978, p. 302–309.
Google Scholar

Vantini G., Christianity in the Sudan, Bologna 1981.
Google Scholar

Vantini G., Oriental Sources Concerning Nubia, Heidelberg–Warsaw 1975.
Google Scholar

Welsby D. A., The medieval Kingdoms of Nubia, Pagans, Christians and Muslims along the Middle Nile, London 2002.
Google Scholar

Opublikowane

2015-12-30

Jak cytować

Martens-Czarnecka, M. (2015). The Christian Nubia and the Arabs. Studia Ceranea, 5, 249–265. https://doi.org/10.18778/2084-140X.05.08

Numer

Dział

Articles

Podobne artykuły

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 > >> 

Możesz również Rozpocznij zaawansowane wyszukiwanie podobieństw dla tego artykułu.