On Some Fiscal Decisions of Caligula and Vespasian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/2084-140X.02.05Abstract
The history of the Roman Empire is a history of continuously looking for new sources of state revenues. Numerous public loads, spontaneously created during the early Empire, without any deeper analysis, created a disordered mess of particular and curious taxes rather than a centralized system as an instrument of controlling economic processes. The tax decisions of the emperors mentioned in the title, in spite of having a significant influence on the state treasury, were, in fact, of the same disordered nature.
Downloads
References
Pikulska-Radomska A., Centesima rerum venalium i quinta et vicesima venalium mancipiorum: podatki od transakcji sprzedaży, [in:] O prawie i jego dziejach księgi dwie. Studia ofiarowane Profesorowi Adamowi Lityńskiemu w czterdziestolecie pracy naukowej i siedemdziesięciolecie urodzin, vol. I, Białystok– Katowice 2010, p. 101–105.
Millar F., The Fiscus in the First Two Centuries, „Journal of Roman Studies” 53, 1963, p. 29–42.
Krajewski P., Finanse publiczne, [in:] Rzymskie prawo publiczne, ed. B. Sitek, P. Krajewski, Olsztyn 2004, p. 109–123.
Suetonius, De vita caesarum / The Lives of the Caesars, IV, 40, trans. J.C. Rolfe, London–New York 1914.
Cassius Dio Cocceianus, Historia Romana, LIX, 28, 8, trans. E. Cary, H.B. Foster, vol. VII, Cambridge 1959.
Günther S., „Vectigalia nervos esse rei publicae”. Die indirekten Steuern in der Römischen Keiserzeit von Augustus bis Diokletian, Wiesbaden 2008.
Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, XIX, 1, 4, 25, trans. L.H. Feldman, vol. VIII, Cambridge 1965.
Sokala A., Meretrix i jej pozycja w prawie rzymskim, Toruń 1998.
Cagnat R., Etude historique sur les impôts indirects chez les Romains jusqu’aux invasion des barbares, Paris 1882.
Kaser M., Das römische Zivilprozessrecht, München 1966.
Camacho de los Rios M., Vectigalia. Contribucion al estudio de los impuestos en Roma, Granada 1995.
Tacitus, Libri ab excessu divi Augusti, XIII, 51, ed. P.K. Huibregtse, vol. I, Groningen 1958.
The Roman Imperial Coinage, ed. C.H.V. Sunderland, R.A.G. Carson, vol. I, ed. C.H.V. Sunderland, London 1984.
France J., Quadragesima Galliarum: l’organisation douanière des provinces alpestres, gauloises et germaniques de l’Empire Romain (Ier siècle avant J.-C. – IIIe siècle après J.-C.), Rome 2001.
Robinson O., Ancient Rome: City Planning and Administration, s.l. 2003.
Courrier C., Rome et ses déchets: salubrité et insalubrité d’une mégalopole antique, http://pradis.ens-lyon.fr/article.php3?id_article=184 [26 VI 2012]
Corpus Iuris Civilis, ed. T. Mommsen, vol. I, Berolini 1906.
Dureau de la Malle M., Economie politique des Romains, Paris 1840.
Wacke A., Protection of the Environment in Roman Law?, „Roman Legal Tradition: A Journal of Ancient, Medieval and Modern Civil Law” 1, 2002, p. 1–24.
Shaw B. D., Roman Taxation, [in:] Civilization of the ancient Mediterranean: Greece and Rome, ed. M. Grant, R. Kitzinger, New York 1988, p. 809–810.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
