“Hey Mitch-elle, you need a shave!”: The school days of hirsute adolescents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.6.3.05Keywords:
Adolescence, Stigma, Hirsutism, Gender, Relational AggressionAbstract
This qualitative, longitudinal study directs attention to how adolescence – a time period that is already fraught with pressures and struggles for most – may be complicated by the presence of hirsutism, a putatively “sexdiscordant” marker. Attention is directed to the school-based experiences of a non-representative sample of 67 Canadian youth and 41 adult women who shared their recollections of how hirsutism had impacted their lives as adolescents. Although hirsute youth may seem well-situated to act as the trailblazers for the type of subversive crossings that Butler (1990) championed in Gender Trouble, our study find little to suggest that they would welcome this role. Rather, the obverse seems true. However, given the dependent status of adolescents in Western society, it might be entirely presumptuous to expect hirsute youth to behave as if dualistic thinking about sex, gender and sexuality did not exist when so many of their experiences will continuously remind them that it does.
Downloads
References
American Society of Plastic Surgery (2008) Plastic Surgery Procedures Maintain Steady Growth in 2007. March 25 http://www.plasticsurgery.org
Google Scholar
Azziz, Ricardo (2003) “The Evaluation and Management of Hirsutism.” Obstetrics and Gynecology 101:995-1007.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02725-4
Barth, Julian H. and Sheila Clark (2003) “Acne and Hirsutism in Teenagers.” Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 17:131-148.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/ybeog.2003.0348
Basow, Susan A. (1991) “The Hairless Ideal: Women and their Body Hair.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 15:83-96.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1991.tb00479.x
Basow, Susan A. and Amie C. Braman (1998) “Women and Body Hair: Social Perceptions and Attitudes.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 22:637-645.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1998.tb00182.x
Basow, Susan A. and Joanna Willis (2001) “Perceptions of Body Hair on White Women: Effects of Labeling.” Psychological Reports 89:571-576.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.3.571
Beasley, Chris (2005) Gender & Sexuality. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Bergman, Mindy E. and Katherine M. Chalkley (2007) “‘Ex’ Marks a Spot: The Stickiness of Dirty Work and Other Removed Stigmas.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 12:251-265.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.251
Boroughs, Michael, Guy Cafri and J. Kevin Thompson (2005) “Male Body Depilation: Prevalence and Associated Features of Body Hair Removal.” Sex Roles 52:637-644.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-3731-9
Boroughs, Michael and J. Kevin Thompson (2002) “Body Depilation in Males: A New Body Image Concern?” International Journal of Men’s Health 1:247-257.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3149/jmh.0103.247
Buyukgebiz, Atilla (2007a) “Hirsutism in Adolescent Girls.” Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism 20:473-474.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/JPEM.2007.20.4.473
Buyukgebiz, Atilla (2007b) “The Face of Late-onset Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.” Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism 20:667.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/JPEM.2007.20.6.667
Butler, Judith (1990) Gender Trouble. New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Chang, Jeffrey R. and Mickey S. Coffler (2007) “Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Early Detection in the Adolescent.” Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 50:178-187.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e31802f50fc
Cupisti, Susanne, Natia Kajaia, Ralf Dittrich, H. Duezenli, Matthias W. Beckmann and Andreas Mueller (2008) “Body Mass Index and Ovarian Function are Associated with Endocrine and Metabolic Abnormalities in Women with Hyperandrogenic Syndrome.” European Journal of Endocrinology 158:711-719.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-07-0515
Dawber, Rodney P.R. (2002) “Hirsuties.” The Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine 5:34-42.
Google Scholar
DeUgarte, Catherine M., K.S. Woods, Afred A. Bartolucci and Ricardo Azziz (2006) “Degree of Facial and Body Terminal Hair Growth in Unselected Black and White Women: Toward a Population Definition of Hirsutism.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91:1345-1350.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-2301
Dzhorbenadze, M.T., D.I. Kristesashvili, D.I. and N.A. Chopikashvili (2005) “The Frequency and Character of Clinical Manifestations of Androgenization Among Adolescent Girls.” Georgian Medical News 129:23-25.
Google Scholar
Ferrante, Joan (1988) “Biomedical Versus Cultural Constructions of Abnormality: The Case of Idiopathic Hirsutism in the United States.” Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 12:219-238.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116859
Goffman, Erving (1963) Stigma. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Google Scholar
Harwood, Katerina, Patricia Vuguin and Joan DiMartino-Mardi (2007) “Current Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Youth.” Hormone Research 68:209-17.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000101538
Hope, Christine (1982) “Caucasian Female Body Hair and American Culture.” The Journal of American Culture 5:93-99.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734X.1982.0501_93.x
Huppert, Jill, Martina Chiodi and Paula A.J. Hillard (2004) “Clinical and Metabolic Findings in Adolescent Females with Hyperandrogenism.” Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 16:103-108.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2004.01.005
Keegan, Anna, Lih-mei Lio and Mary Boyle (2003) “‘Hirsutism’: A Psychological Analysis.” Journal of Health Psychology 8:327-345.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105303008003004
Kitzinger, Celia and Jo Willmott (2002) “‘The Thief of Womanhood’: Women’s Experience of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.” Social Science & Medicine 54:349-361.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00034-X
Koulouri, Olympia and Gerard S. Conway (2008) “A Systematic Review of Commonly Used Medical Treatments for Hirsutism in Women.” Clinical Endocrinology 68:800-805.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03105.x
Labre, Megdala P. (2002) “The Brazilian Wax: New Hairlessness Norm for Women?” Journal of Communication Inquiry 26:113-132.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859902026002001
Lipton, Michelle G., Lorraine Sherr, Jonathan Elford, Malcolm H.A. Rustin and William J. Clayton (2006) “Women Living with Facial Hair: The Psychological and Behavioral Burden.” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 61:161-168.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.01.016
Lucky, Anne W., Frank M Biro, Stephen R. Daniels, Marcelle I. Cedars, Philip R. Khoury and John A. Morrison (2001) “The Prevalence of Upper Lip Hair in Black and White Girls During Puberty: A New Standard.” Journal of Pediatrics 138:134-136.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.109790
Martin, Kathryn A., R. Jeffrey Chang, David A. Ehrmann, Lourdes Ibanez, Rogerio A. Lobo, Robert L. Rosenfield, Jerry Shapiro, Victor M. Montori and Brian A. Swiglo (2008) “Evaluation and Treatment of Hirsutism in Premenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 93:1105-1120.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2437
Mastorakos, George, Irene Lambrinoudaki and George Creatsas (2006) “Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents: Current and Future Treatment.” Paediatric Drugs 8:311-318.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00148581-200608050-00004
Mofid, Alireza, Seyyed A.S. Alinaghi, Saeed Zandieh and Tahereh Yazdani (2008) “Hirsutism.” International Journal of Clinical Practice 62:433-443.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01621.x
Morgan, John, Samantha Scholtz, Hubert Lacey and Gerard Conway (2008) “The Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Women with Facial Hirsutism: An Epidemiological Cohort Study.” International Journal of Eating Disorders 41:427-431.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20527
Pachankis, John E. (2007) “The Psychological Implications of Concealing a Stigma: A Cognitive-Affective Behavioral Model.” Psychological Bulletin 133:328-345.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.328
Puhl, Rebecca M. and Janet D. Latner (2007) “Stigma, Obesity, and the Health of the Nation’s Children.” Psychological Bulletin 133:557-580.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.557
Quint, Elisabeth H. (2002) “Hirsutism and Adnexal Masses in a Teenager.” Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 15:319-321.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1083-3188(02)00186-9
Sciarra, Francesco, Rina Balducci and Vincenzo Toscano (1997) “Hyperandrogenism in Adolescent Females.” Steroids 62:728.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-128X(97)89520-7
Spencer, Jessica B., Mitchell Klein, Ashim Kumar and Ricardo Azziz (2007) “The Age-Associated Decline of Androgens in Reproductive Age and Menopausal Black and White Women.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 92:4730-4703.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-2365
Thorne, Barrie (1993) Gender Play. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Google Scholar
Tiggeman, Marika and Sarah J. Kenyon (1998) “The Hairless Norm: The Removal of Body Hair in Women.” Sex Roles 39:873-885.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018828722102
Tiggemann, Marika and Christine Lewis (2004) “Attitudes Towards Women’s Body Hair: Relationship with Disgust Sensitivity.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 28:381-387.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00155.x
Toerien, Merran and Sue Wilkinson (2004) “Exploring the Depilation Norm: A Qualitative Questionnaire Study of Women’s Body Hair Removal.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 1:69-92.
Google Scholar
Toerien, Merran and Sue Wilkinson (2003) “Gender and Body Hair: Constructing the Feminine Woman.” Women’s Studies International Forum 26:333-344.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5395(03)00078-5
Toerien, Merran, Sue Wilkinson and Precilla Y.L. Choi (2005) “Body Hair Removal: The ‘Mundane’ Production of Normative Femininity.” Sex Roles 52:399-406.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-2682-5
Wardle, Jane and Lucy Cooke (2005) “The Impact of Obesity on Psychological Well- Being.” Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 19:421-440.
Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2005.04.006
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.