Expanding Our Methodological Toolbox: The “Place” of Twitter in the Ethnographic Endeavor

Authors

  • Deana Simonetto McMaster University, Canada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.12.1.05

Keywords:

Social Media, Twitter, Methodological Toolbox, Sources of Data, Canadian Football League

Abstract

Social media have been increasingly embraced by social actors inhabiting a wide range of social worlds, including the world of professional sports. This paper argues that Twitter has become an indispensible resource for sociologists seeking to better understand these worlds. Using data collected for a study of the Canadian Football League (CFL), the paper contrasts traditional interviews and Twitter as sources of data. This is followed by a discussion of both the unique advantages and limitations of Twitter data in research. The paper ends by encouraging an expansion of sociology’s methodological toolbox to include this form of social media.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Deana Simonetto, McMaster University, Canada

Deana Simonetto is currently completing her PhD in Sociology at McMaster University. Her theoretical areas of interest include symbolic interactionism and social constructionism as these are applied to areas of sport and deviance. Using a qualitative methodology, her dissertation explores the relationship between professional sport culture and family life, specifically focusing on athletes’ spouses.

References

Altheide, David L. and Christopher J. Schneider. 2013. Qualitative Media Analysis. Los Angeles: Sage.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452270043

Bakardjieva, Maria. 2005. Internet Society: The Internet in Everyday Life. London: Sage.
Google Scholar

Beneito-Montagut, Roser. 2011. “Ethnography Goes Online: Towards a User-Centered Methodology to Research Interpersonal Communication on the Internet.” Qualitative Research 11(6):716-735.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794111413368

Berg, Bruce. 1989. Qualitative Research Methods for Social Science. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Google Scholar

Berger, Peter L. and Thomas Luckmann. 1966. The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Anchor Books.
Google Scholar

Blumer, Herbert. 1969. Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Google Scholar

Boyd, Danah, Scott Golder, and Gilad Lotan. 2010. “Tweet, Tweet, Retweet: Conversational Aspects of Retweeting on Twitter.” HICSS-43: Kauai, HI, January 06. Retrieved August 19, 2014 http://www.danah.org/papers/TweetTweetRetweet.pdf
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2010.412

Bruce, Bertram C. and Maureen P. Hogan. 1998. “The Disappearance of Technology: Toward an Ecological Model of Literacy.” Pp. 269-281 in Handbook of Literacy and Technology: Transformations in a Post-Typographic World, edited by D. Reinking et al. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Google Scholar

Carter, Denis. 2004. “Living in Virtual Communities: Making Friends Online.” Journal of Urban Technology 11(3):109-125.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10630730500064448

Clegg Smith, Katherine M. 2004. “Electronic Eavesdropping: The Ethical Issues Involved in Conducting a Virtual Ethnography.” Pp. 223-238 in Online Social Research: Methods, Issues, and Ethics, edited by M. D. Johns, S.-L. S. Chen, and G. J. Hall. New York: Peter Lang.
Google Scholar

Cooley, Charles Horton. 1909. Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind. New York: Shocken.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/14788-000

Denzin, Norman K. 1978. The Research Act. New York: Mc- Graw-Hill.
Google Scholar

Garcia, Angela C. et al. 2009. “Ethnographic Approaches to the Internet and Computer-Mediated Communication.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 38(1):52-84.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241607310839

Glaser, Barney and Anselm L. Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Chicago: Aldine.
Google Scholar

Hambrick, Marion E. et al. 2010. “Understanding Professional Athletes’ Use of Twitter: A Content Analysis of Athlete Tweets.” International Journal of Sports Communication 3(4):454-471.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.3.4.454

Haythornthwaite, Caroline and Michelle Kazmer. 2002. “Bringing the Internet Home: Adult Distance Learners and Their Internet, Home, and Work Worlds.” Pp. 431-463 in The Internet in Everyday Life, edited by B. Wellman and C. Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell.
Google Scholar

Herman-Kinney, Nancy J. and Joseph R. Verschaeve. 2003. “Methods of Symbolic Interactionism.” Pp. 213-253 in Handbook of Symbolic Interactionism, edited by L. T. Reynolds and N. J. Herman-Kinney. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Google Scholar

Hine, Christine. 2000. Virtual Ethnography. London: Sage.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857020277

Hine, Christine. 2008. “Virtual Ethnography: Modes, Variations, Affordances.” Pp. 257-270 in The Sage Handbook of Online Research Methods, edited by N. Fielding, R. M. Lee, and G. Blank. London: Sage.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857020055.n14

LeBesco, Kathleen. 2004. Revolting Bodies? The Struggle to Redefine Fat Identity. Boston, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
Google Scholar

Loseke, Donileen R. 2003. Thinking About Social Problems: An Introduction to Constructionist Perspectives. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Google Scholar

Lyman, Peter and Nina Wakeford. 1999. “Introduction: Going Into the (Virtual) Field.” American Behavioral Scientist 43(3):359-376.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00027649921955317

Lysloff, René T. A. 2003. “Musical Community on the Internet: An On-Line Ethnography.” Cultural Anthropology 18(2):233-263.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/can.2003.18.2.233

Mann, Chris and Fiona Stewart. 2000. Internet Communication and Qualitative Research. London: Sage.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209281

Murthy, Dhiraj. 2012. “Towards a Sociological Understanding of Social Media: Theorizing Twitter.” Sociology 46(6):1059-1073.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038511422553

Ovadia, Steven. 2009. “Internet Connection: Exploring the Potential of Twitter as a Research Tool.” Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian 28:202-205.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01639260903280888

Prus, Robert. 2005. “Studying Human Knowing and Acting: The Interactionist Quest for Authenticity.” Pp. 7-23 in Doing Ethnography: Studying Everyday Life, edited by D. Pawluch, W. Shaffir, and C. Miall. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press.
Google Scholar

Ruhleder, Karen. 2000. “The Virtual Ethnographer: Fieldwork in Distributed Electronic Environments.” Field Methods 12(1):3-17.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X0001200101

Salaff, Janet. 2002. “Where Home is the Office: The New Form of Flexible Work.” Pp. 464-495 in The Internet in Everyday Life, edited by B. Wellman and C. Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470774298.ch16

Spector, Malcolm. 1980. “Learning to Study Public Figures.” Pp. 98-110 in Fieldwork Experience: Qualitative Approaches to Social Research, edited by W. Shaffir, R. A. Stebbins, and A. Turowetz. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Google Scholar

Spector, Malcolm and John Kitsuse. 2006. Constructing Social Problems. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Google Scholar

Star, Susan L. 1999. “The Ethnography of Infrastructure.” American Behavioral Scientist 43(3):377-391.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00027649921955326

Thomas, William I. and Dorothy S. Thomas. 1928. The Child in America: Behavior Problems and Programs. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Google Scholar

Walstrom, Mary K. 2000. “The Eating Disorder Is Not YOU: Applying Bakhtin’s Theories in Analyzing Narrative Co-Construction in an Internet Support Group.” Pp. 241-260 in Studies in Symbolic Interaction, edited by N. Denzin. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-2396(00)80040-X

Whitty, Monica. 2002. “Liar, Liar! An Examination of How Open, Supportive, and Honest People Are in Chat Rooms.” Computers in Human Behavior 18:343-352.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(01)00059-0

Whitty, Monica. 2003. “Cyber-Flirting: Playing at Love.” Theory and Psychology 13(3):339-357.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354303013003003

Whitty, Monica. 2004. “Peering Into Online Bedroom Windows: Consider the Ethical Implications of Investigating Internet Relationships and Sexuality.” Pp. 203-210 in Virtual Research Ethics: Issues and Controversies, edited by E. A. Buchanan. Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-152-0.ch011

Downloads

Published

2016-01-31

How to Cite

Simonetto, D. (2016). Expanding Our Methodological Toolbox: The “Place” of Twitter in the Ethnographic Endeavor. Qualitative Sociology Review, 12(1), 98–112. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.12.1.05

Issue

Section

Articles