Situation of the Singaporean LGBT Community
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1641-4233.28.03Keywords:
Singapore, LGBT, social issuesAbstract
The aim of this article is to present the perception of the homosexual minority in Singapore, to summarize its history dating back to the presence of the British Empire in the Southeast Asia and to describe the current situation regarding the rights of the LGBT community. Legal changes related to the acceptance of people belonging to sexual minorities will be shown.
The work consists of section on the past of the city-state and its legal code and describes the attempts by activists to influence the Singaporean government until November 2022, when sexual relations between men were decriminalized.
The work demonstrates that the homosexual minority still faces problems in the legal aspect, however, thanks to the activists and the increase in social awareness, it is gradually increasing the level of acceptance of homosexuality in Singapore.
Downloads
References
„2020 World Press Freedom Index”. Reporters Without Borders 2020. Web. 26.05.2021. https://rsf.org/en/ranking/2020
Google Scholar
Aravindan, A. „Singapore Warns U.S. Embassy over Webinar with LGBT Group”. Reuters 19.05.2021. Web. 26.07.2021. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/singapore-warns-us-embassy-over-webinar-with-lgbt-group-2021-05-19/
Google Scholar
Chan, R. „Sections 377 and 377A of the Penal Code – Impact on AIDS Prevention and Control”. The Act 34 (2007).
Google Scholar
Elangovan, N. „New Legislation Protects LGBTQ Community from Religiously Motivated Violence, But Law is ‘Same for All’”. Today 15.10.2019. Web. 26.06.2021. https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/new-legislation-protects-lgbtq-community-religiously-motivated-violence-law-same-all
Google Scholar
Evans, D.B., Lauer, J.A., Murray, Ch.J.L., Tandon, A. „Measuring Overall Health System Performance for 191 Countries”. World Health Organization 2021. Web. 16.03.2021. https://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper30.pdf
Google Scholar
„Gini Coefficient after Taxes in Singapore from 2011 to 2020”. Statista. Web. 26.05.2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/951976/singapore-gini-coefficient-after-tax/
Google Scholar
Ho, K. „Singaporeans Split on Same-sex Civil Partnerships”. YouGov 18.02.2019. Web. 01.01.2023. https://sg.yougov.com/en-sg/news/2019/02/18/singaporeans-split-same-sex-civil-partnerships/
Google Scholar
„Human Development Index (HDI) by Country 2023”. World Population Review 2023. Web. 01.01.2023. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/hdi-by-country/
Google Scholar
„Human Development Index (HDI)”. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports. Web. 26.05.2021. https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/SGP.pdf
Google Scholar
Jelonek, A.W. W stronę liberalnej demokracji. Szkice z antropologii politycznej Azji Południowo-Wschodniej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, 2002.
Google Scholar
Johnson, C. „Singapore: Challenge to Law on Homosexuality Permitted”. Library of Congress 27.08.2012. Web 01.01.2023. https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2012-08-27/singapore-challenge-to-law-on-homosexuality-permitted/
Google Scholar
Lee, D. „CONVERSION THERAPY BANS Enshrining a Contested View of Human Nature in Law”. Singapore Academy of Law Journal 33.483 (2021), 11.03.2021. Web. 26.05.2021. https://journalsonline.academypublishing.org.sg/Journals/Singapore-Academy-of-Law-Journal/Current-Issue/ctl/eFirstSALPDFJournalView/mid/494/ArticleId/1616/Citation/JournalsOnlinePDF
Google Scholar
Lee, K.Y. „Singapore: LGBTQ Organizers Persist Despite Government restrictions”. People’s World 22.05.2017. Web. 26.08.2021. https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/singapore-lgbtq-organizers-persist-despite-government-restrictions/
Google Scholar
Lin, Ch. „Singapore Will Decriminalize Sex Between Men, Prime Minister Says”. Reuters 22.08.2022. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/singapore-will-decriminalise-sex-between-men-pm-2022-08-21/
Google Scholar
Mokhtar, F. „The Big Read: With a House Still Divided over 377A, Time to Seek a Common Ground”. Today Online 15.08.2018. Web. 26.10.2021. https://www.todayonline.com/big-read/big-read-house-still-divided-over-377a-time-seek-common-ground
Google Scholar
Oi, M. „Is Singapore’s Stance on Homosexuality Changing?”. BBC News 23.04.2013. Web. 26.10.2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-22088852
Google Scholar
Penal Code 1871, section 377A, Singapore. Web. 01.01.2023. https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PC1871?ViewType=Advance&Phrase=377A&WiAl=1&ProvIds=P416-#pr376A-
Google Scholar
Phillips, R. „‘And I Am Also Gay’: Illiberal Pragmatics, Neoliberal Homonormativity and LGBT Activism in Singapore”. Anthropologica 56.1 (2014): 45–54.
Google Scholar
Roth, K. „Singapore Events of 2020”. Human Rights Watch 16.04.2020. Web. 16.03.2021. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/singapore
Google Scholar
Sim, D. „Singapore to Scrap Anti-Gay Sex Law, Amend Constitution to Prevent Marriage Equality”. South China Morning Post 21.08.2022. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3189671/singapore-scrap-anti-gay-sex-law-amend-constitution-ban-marriage?utm_source=googlenewsstand_web&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=20220821&utm_campaign=off_platform
Google Scholar
„Singapore Gay Sex Ban: Court Rejects Appeals to Overturn Law”. BBC News 30.03.2020. Web. 26.05.2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-52098362
Google Scholar
„Singapore GDP”. Trading Economics. Web. 16.03.2021. https://tradingeconomics.com/singapore/gdp
Google Scholar
„Singapore. Human Development Indicators”. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports. Web. 26.05.2021. http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/SGP#
Google Scholar
„Singapore Reforms Sex Laws – But not for Homosexuals”. The Guardian 24.10.2007. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/oct/24/gayrights.uk
Google Scholar
„Singapur. Sąd Najwyższy podtrzymuje zakaz kontaktów homoseksualnych”. QUEER 31.03.2020. Web. 26.05.2021. https://queer.pl/news/204228/singapur-sad-najwyzszy-zakaz-kontaktow-homoseksualnych
Google Scholar
Tan Eng Hon v. Attorney-General 2012. Singapore Law.org. SGCA 45. Web. 01.01.2023. http://www.singaporelaw.sg/sglaw/laws-of-singapore/case-law/free-law/court-of-appeal-judgments/14979-tan-eng-hong-v-attorney-general-2012-sgca-45
Google Scholar
Tan, S. „Being Gay (Lesbian or Transgender) in Singapore”. HURIGHTS OSAKA 2011. Web. 26.05.2021. https://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/focus/section2/2011/09/being-gay-lesbian-or-transgender-in-singapore.html#n11
Google Scholar
Tjin Thum, P. „The 28 Most Important Issues Facing Singapore”. New Naratif 04.09.2019. Web. 26.05.2021. https://newnaratif.com/research/the-28-most-important-issues-facing-singapore/
Google Scholar
Wong, T. „377: The British Colonial Law that Left an Anti-LGBTQ Legacy in Asia”. BBC News 29.06.2021. Web. 26.05.2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57606847
Google Scholar
World Bank. Web. 26.05.2021. https://www.worldbank.org/en/home
Google Scholar
Yan, H.G. „Parliament Repeals Section 377A, Endorses Amendments Protecting Definition of Marriage”. The Strait Times 29.11.2022. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/parliament-repeals-section-377a-endorses-amendments-protecting-marriage-definition
Google Scholar
Yuen-C, T. „NDR 2022: Govt Will Repeal Section 377A, But Also Amend Constitution to Protect Marriage from Legal Challenges”. The Straits Times 22.08.2022. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/ndr-2022-govt-will-repeal-section-377a-decriminalise-sex-between-men
Google Scholar
Yuen-C, T. „Support for Section 377A Drops as Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Relationship Shift, Survey Finds”. The Straits Times 16.06.2022. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/support-for-section-377a-drops-as-attitudes-to-same-sex-relationships-shift-survey-finds
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2023-06-16 (2)
- 2023-05-29 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
