Spatial matching of emergency shelters to the distribution of residents in the light of transport behaviours of evacuees during war: the case of Suwałki

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Krzysztof Goniewicz; Vasile Grama; Marcel Horňák; Edyta Masierek; Cezar Morar; János Pénzes; Alena Rochovská; Filip Turoboś; Szymon Wiśniewski

doi:10.18778/1231-1952.31.1.05

Authors

Marta Borowska-Stefańska University of Lodz, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Institute of the Built Environment and Spatial Policy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-4778
Krzysztof Goniewicz Polish Air Force University, Department of Security Studies https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4368-6850
Vasile Grama University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0600-1138
Marcel Horňák Comenius University, Department of Economic and Social Geography, Demography and Territorial Development https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0071-4997
Edyta Masierek University of Lodz, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Institute of the Built Environment and Spatial Policy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3148-2503
Cezar Morar University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0211-5883
János Pénzes University of Debrecen, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Earth Sciences, Department of Social Geography and Regional Development https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4870-087X
Alena Rochovská Comenius University, Department of Economic and Social Geography, Demography and Territorial Development
Filip Turoboś Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Mathematics https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5782-6159
Szymon Wiśniewski University of Lodz, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Institute of the Built Environment and Spatial Policy

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.31.1.05

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Keywords:

emergency shelters, evacuation, transport behaviour, war, Suwałki Gap, surveys

Abstract

The aim of the article was the assessment of the spatial matching of existing shelters (supply) to the distribution of residents in Suwałki (demand), considering their declared transport behaviours while evacuating during war. The analysis was conducted based on the locations of existing emergency shelters using data on population distribution (registration data with building accuracy). Spatial alignment was determined using the P-Median problem and E2SFCA. In terms of establishing vehicular or pedestrian travel time, the Manhattan metric based on the urban road network model was utilised. A model of vehicle movement speed was then constructed, while a constant speed was assumed for pedestrian movement. Additionally, survey data on the transport behaviour of inhabitants of Suwałki in the case of war were conducted in 2023. The study concluded that the population residing within the city limits should evacuate on foot, and that prior training on the evacuation process is especially necessary for those who reside in less populated areas of the city. The analyses also showed that existing emergency shelters are overly dispersed, making management difficult for emergency services. Since the current capacity of emergency shelters is not sufficient for the number and distribution of inhabitants of Suwałki, the most practical significance of this article in this respect is to indicate to the authorities the optimal number and location for emergency shelters (to improve the evacuation process).

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