Interpretation of phenotypic formation of characters during individual's development and evaluation of his position within population

Abstract

On grounds of human genetics and ecological rules as well as basic methods for evaluation of developmental advancement of morphological characters the author has made an attempt to collect into certain groupings all possible ways or phenotypic formation of individual's characteristics during his development. The course of individual's line of phenotipic formation of characters during development depends on genetically determined range (norm of reaction) and influences of environmental factors. Therefore, place of an individual within a population with respect to a value of morphological character that the individual attains in a time interval t₁—t_n is a result of selected by him certain level of range of reaction norm lying within adaptive norm of the population. Value of the character that is attained by an individual in moments ti when he is functioning in the above described system was evaluated with use of φ_i value. This is the value characterizing the individual in a certain moment t₁ in comparison with developmental norm. On that grounds there were distinguished four models describing differentiation of ways of phenotypic formation of characters in development. Because of various ways on which this phenomenon of formation occurs these models were labelled as follows: A — optimal development model, B — progressive development model, C — regressive development model and D — mixed model. For these models are given mathematical rules describing morphological formation of individual's characters during development. Model A — it is such a way of phenotypic formation of characters where, with respect to φ_i value, an individual in successive intervals of t_i—t_n time span occupies in a population the same level and position. Model B — genotypes that are realizing their phenotypic picture according to this rule, occupy, with respect to φ_i value, in succesive time intervals of t_i—t_n range various positions within a population, but always change their positions toward higher φ_i values in succesive moments t_i. Model C — according to this model individuals also change with time positions within a population, but always toward lower φ_i values. Model D — the model comprises such ways of phenotype formation on which in time interval t_i—t_n an individual can change his φ_i values for a certain period in accordance with model A then with model B or C etc.