Changes in nutritional and selected health behaviors during the lockdown period during the COVID-19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/2300-1690.21.09Keywords:
nutritional habits, health behaviors, lockdown, SARS-CoV-19Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected the daily lives of the world's population. The introduction of restrictions on moving outside the place of residence contributed to significant changes both in the process of obtaining food products and the presented health behaviors among people of all social groups. These restrictions had a direct impact on mental health, food security, food waste, shopping behavior, and physical activity. Being isolated due to the introduction of lockdown was associated with increased stress and led to a reduction in physical activity and a deterioration in the quality of diets. The aim of the study was to assess changes in health and nutritional behavior among the inhabitants of various countries resulting from the introduction of restrictions on leaving home caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. A prolonged period of staying at home was associated with a disturbance in the energy balance associated with a change in the frequency of consumption of particular food groups: increased consumption of alcohol, snacks, and convenience food, while reducing the frequency of consuming fresh vegetables and fruits. The group particularly exposed to adverse changes in health behavior included people struggling with excess body weight and low physical activity. The beneficial health behaviors observed in the studies included a reduction in the frequency of eating readyto-go meals caused by more frequent cooking, and a reduction in food waste. It is estimated that people who increased their physical activity during the lockdown were characterized by better eating habits and better well-being. The lockdown period also significantly influenced young people’s eating behavior. There was an increase in total food consumption, an increase in the frequency of consuming fried products and sweets, and a reduction in the consumption of fast food. Watching TV during meals had a significant impact on the level of consumption of fried foods, sweets, and sweetened drinks. Adverse changes in the diet of international students staying outside their home country during the lockdown were observed. Changes in the diet resulting from the introduction of lockdown had an impact on the values of metabolic indicators, health status, and the risk of diet-related diseases. Maintaining healthy eating behavior and lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential to fight viral infections and maintain mental health and well-being.
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