Cannabis indica as a motivation for foreign travel by Polish citizens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0013Keywords:
trips abroad, cannabis indica consumption, drugs, Polish citizensAbstract
Based on an anonymous on-line questionnaire survey, conducted among 1000 respondents, the authors present their demographic, socio-economic and spatial profile, their attitude to cannabis and the tourist trips they went on (scale, directions, destinations), involving cannabis consumption. Tourist trips of this kind were attractive to quite a large number of young people, mostly inhabiting large Polish cities, who usually had used and continued to use this drug. Trips inspired by cannabis were most often made to the nearby Czech Republic and Netherlands, as well as (less frequently) to Spain.
Downloads
References
BELHASSEN Y., SANTOS C.A., URIELY N., 2007, Cannabis usage in tourism: A sociological perspective, Leisure Studies, 26(3), pp. 303-319.
Google Scholar
BELLIS M.A., HALE G., BENNETT A. et al., 2000, Ibiza uncovered: changes in substance use and sexual behaviour amongst young people visiting an international nightlife resort, International Journal of Drug Policy, 11(3), pp. 235-244.
Google Scholar
CHERPITEL CH.J., YE Y., ZEMORE S.E., BOND J., BORGES G., 2015, The effect of cross-border mobility on alcohol and drug use among Mexican-American residents living at the U.S.- Mexico border, Addictive Bahaviors, 50, pp. 28-33.
Google Scholar
COHEN E., 1973, Nomads from affluence: Notes on the phenomenon of drifter tourism, The International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 14 (l–2), pp. 89-103.
Google Scholar
COHEN E., 2003, Backpacking: Diversity and change, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 1(2), pp. 95-110.
Google Scholar
DOBKIN DE RIOS M., 1994, Drug tourism in the Amazon, Anthropology of Consciousness, 5(1), pp. 16-19.
Google Scholar
DOMOSŁAWSKI A., 2011, Polityka narkotykowa w Portugalii: Korzyści wynikające z dekryminalizacji używania narkotyków, Open Society Foundations, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
EMCDDA (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction), 2015, Europejski raport narkotykowy. Tendencje i osiągnięcia. Luksemburg: Urząd Publikacji Unii Europejskiej, 2015.
Google Scholar
ESPAD (European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs) Report, 2015. Results from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016.
Google Scholar
GROBE A., LŰER J., 2011, Drug tourism, [in:] The Long Tail of Tourism: Holiday Niches and their Impact on Mainstream Tourism, A. Papathanassis (ed.), Gabler, Wiesbaden, pp. 137-147.
Google Scholar
HOFFMANN B., 2014, Drug consumption tourism as a social phenomenon, Trakia Journal Sciences, 4, pp. 455-460.
Google Scholar
JOSIAM B., HOBSON P., DIETRICH U., SMEATON G., 1998, An analysis of the sexual, alcohol and drug related bahavioral patterns of students on spring break, Tourism Management, 19, pp. 501-513.
Google Scholar
KAVENSKÁ V., SIMONOVÁ H., 2015, Ayahuasca tourism: Participants in shamanic rituals and their personality styles, motivation, benefits and risks, Journal Psychoactive Drugs, 47(5), pp. 351-359.
Google Scholar
KORF D.J., 2002, Dutch coffe shops and trends in cannabis use, Addictive Behaviors, 27(6), pp. 851-866.
Google Scholar
LIEBREGTS N., VAN DER POL P., VAN LAAR M., DE GRAAF R., VAN DEN BRINK W, KORF D.J., 2015, The role of leisure and delinquency in frequent cannabis use and dependence trajectories among young adults, International Journal of Drug Policy, 26, pp. 143-152.
Google Scholar
MAĆKOWIAK A.. 2014, Turystyka narkotykowa, [in:] Narkotyki, dopalacze, środki psychoaktywne: studia socjologiczne i kulturoznawcze, E. Adamczyk (ed.), Katowice, pp. 147-159.
Google Scholar
MEASHAM F.C., ALDRIDGE J., PARKER H., 2001, Dancing on drugs: Risk, health and hedonism in the British club scene, Free Association Books, London.
Google Scholar
MONSHOUWER K., VAN LAAR M., VOLLEBER W.A., 2011, Buying cannabis in “coffe shops”, Drug Alcohol Review, 30, pp. 148-156.
Google Scholar
MOTYKA M., 2016, Turystyka narkotykowa, Hygeia Public Health, 51(1), pp. 31-38
Google Scholar
MOTYKA M., MARCINKOWSKI J.T., 2014, Dlaczego będą zażywać? Część III. Uwarunkowania sprzyjające dynamice zjawiska narkomanii, Problemy Higieny i Epidemiologii, 95(2), pp. 243-249
Google Scholar
MRÓZ M., 2012, Marihuana: między dekryminalizacją a legalizacją. Przegląd wybranych rozwiązań – Czechy, Holandia, Hiszpania, Urugwaj i Kalifornia, Analizy BAS (Biuro Analiz Sejmowych), Warszawa.
Google Scholar
PATYRA A., DŁUŻEWSKA A., 2015, Backpacking – historia, ramy, rozwój, Turystyka Kulturowa, 11, pp. 40–54.
Google Scholar
PAWLICKI P.A., 2016, Konopie indyjskie jako motyw wyjazdów turystycznych, master thesis, IGMiT, WNG UŁ, Łódź.
Google Scholar
PRAYAG G., MURA P., HALL M., FONTAINE J., 2015, Drug or spirituality seekers? Consuming ayahuasca, Annals of Tourism Research, 52, pp. 175-177.
Google Scholar
STASIAK A., 2015, Turystyka kontrowersyjna jako emanacja gospodarki doświadczeń, [in:] Turystyka kontrowersyjna na współczesnym rynku podróży – formy, uwarunkowania, skutki, G. Godlewski, M. Zalech (eds.), Biała Podlaska, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego Józefa Piłsudskiego w Warszawie, Filia w Białej Podlaskiej, pp. 53-69.
Google Scholar
Travel and drug use in Europe: a short review, 2012, EMCDDA, Lisbon.
Google Scholar
TUPPER K.W., 2008, The globalization of ayahuasca: Harm reduction or benefit maximization?, International Journal Drug Policy, 19(4), pp. 297-303.
Google Scholar
URIELY N., BELHASSEN Y., 2005, Drugs and risk-taking in tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 33(2), pp. 339-359.
Google Scholar
URIELY N., BELHASSEN Y., 2006, Drugs and tourists’ experiences, Journal of Travel Research, 43, pp. 238-246.
Google Scholar
VALDEZ A., SIFANECK S., 1997, Drug tourist and drug policy on the U.S. – Mexican border: An ethnographic investigation of the acquisition of prescription drugs, Journal Drug Issues, 27(4), pp. 879-898,
Google Scholar
VAN DEN BRINK W., 1996, Heroin in Amsterdam, Jellinek Quarterly, 3(4), pp. 6-7.
Google Scholar
VAN HAVERE T., VANDERPLASSCHEN W., BROEKAERT E., DE BOURDEAUDHUI I., 2009, The influence of age and gender on party drug use among young adults attending dance events, clubs, and rock festivals in Belgium, Substance Use and Misuse, 44, pp. 1899-1915.
Google Scholar
VAN HAVERE T., VANDERPLASSCHEN W., LAMMERTYN J., BROEKAERT E., BELLIS M., 2011, Drug use and nightlife: more than just dance music, Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention and Policy, 6, 18 pp.
Google Scholar
VILLAR J.A., 2008, Ibiza: beauty of the day, queen of the night: the influence of clubbing on the Ibizan population, Proceedings from Club Health Conference Ibiza.
Google Scholar
VINKELMAN M., 2005, Drug tourism or spiritual healing? Ayahuasca seekers in Amazonia, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 37(2), pp. 209-218.
Google Scholar
WDR (World Drug Report), 2016, UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime), United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.16.XI7.
Google Scholar
WESTERHAUSEN K., 2002, Beyond the beach: An ethnography of modern travelers in Asia, White Lotus Press, Bangkok.
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
