On (Not) Being Milton: Tony Harrison’s Liminal Voice

Authors

  • Agata G. Handley University of Łódź

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1515/texmat-2016-0017

Abstract

Tony Harrison’s poetry is rooted in the experience of a man who came out of the working class of Leeds and who, avowedly, became a poet and a stranger to his own community. As Harrison duly noted in one interview, from the moment he began his formal education at Leeds Grammar School, he has never felt fully at home in either the world of literature or the world of his working class background, preferring to continually transgress their boundaries and be subject to perpetual change.

The paper examines the relation between poetic identity, whose ongoing construction remains one of the most persistently reoccurring themes of Harrison’s work, and the liminal position occupied by the speaker of Harrison’s verse. In the context of the sociological thought of such scholars as Zygmunt Bauman and Stuart Hall, the following paper discusses the way in which the idea of being in-between operates in “On Not Being Milton,” an initial poem from Harrison’s widely acclaimed sonnet sequence The School of Eloquence, whose unique character stems partly from the fact that it constitutes an ongoing poetic project which has continued from 1978 onwards, reflecting the social and cultural changes of contemporary Britain.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Agata G. Handley, University of Łódź

Agata G. Handley is a researcher and a lecturer in the Faculty of Philology at the University of Łódź. In 2014 she completed her Ph.D. thesis entitled: “Constructing Identity: Continuity, Otherness and Revolt in the Poetry of Tony Harrison” and is currently working on a book on Tony Harrison’s work. The main areas of her academic interest are: literature translation, culture of the English North, contemporary British and Canadian poetry.

References

Astley, Neil. “The Wizard of [uz]: Preface.” Bloodaxe Critical Anthologies: Tony Harrison. Ed. Neil Astley. Newscastle: Bloodaxe, 1991. 10–14. Print.
Google Scholar

Bauman, Zygmunt. Identity: Conversation with Benedetto Vecchi. Cambridge: Polity, 2007. Print.
Google Scholar

Barker, Chris. Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice. London: Sage, 2008. Print.
Google Scholar

Bourke, Joanna. Working-Class Cultures in Britain 1890–1960: Gender, Class and Ethnicity. London: Routledge, 1994. Print.
Google Scholar

Butler, Judith. Bodies that Matter. London: Routledge, 1993. Print.
Google Scholar

Byrne, Sandie. “Introduction: Tony Harrison’s Public Poetry.” Tony Harrison: Loiner. Ed. Sandie Byrne. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997. 1–29. Print.
Google Scholar

Césaire, Aimé. Notebook of Return to the Native Land. Trans. Mireille Rosello and Annie Pritchard. Newcastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe, 1995. Print.
Google Scholar

Crowley, Tony. The Politics of Discourse: The Standard Language Question in British Cultural Debates. London: Macmillan, 1989. Print.
Google Scholar

Derrida, Jacques. Positions. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: Chicago UP, 1981. Print.
Google Scholar

Empson, William. Some Versions of a Pastoral. London: Penguin, 1995. Print.
Google Scholar

Gray, Thomas. “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard.” The Norton Anthology of English Literature. London: Norton, 1993. Print.
Google Scholar

Hall, Stuart. “Who Needs Identity?” Cultural Identity. Ed. Stuart Hall and Paul du Guy. Los Angeles: Sage, 2008. 1–18. Print.
Google Scholar

Harrison, Tony. Continuous: 50 Sonnets from The School of Eloquence. London: Rex Collings, 1978. Print.
Google Scholar

Harrison, Tony. Earthworks. Leeds: Northern, 1964. Print.
Google Scholar

Harrison, Tony. From The School of Eloquence. London: Rex Collings, 1978. Print.
Google Scholar

Harrison, Tony. Interview by John Haffenden. Bloodaxe Critical Anthologies: Tony Harrison. Ed. Neil Astley. Newcastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe, 1991. 227–47. Print.
Google Scholar

Harrison, Tony. v. Newcastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe, 1985. Print.
Google Scholar

Hoggart, Richard. The Uses of Literacy: Aspects of Working-Class Life, with Special References to Publications and Entertainments. New Brunswick: Transaction, 2005. Print.
Google Scholar

Jarniewicz, Jerzy. W brzuchu wieloryba. Szkice o dwudziestowiecznej poezji brytyjskiej i irlandzkiej. Warszawa: Rebis, 2001. Print.
Google Scholar

Laclau, Ernesto. New Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time. London: Verso, 1990. Print.
Google Scholar

Milroy, James, and Lesley Milroy. Authority in Language: Investigating Standard English. London: Routledge, 2005. Print.
Google Scholar

Parkinson W. E. “Poetry in the North East.” British Poetry Since 1960. Ed. Michael Schmidt and Grevel Lindop. Manchester: Carcanet, 1972. 90–122. Print.
Google Scholar

Rowland, Antony. Tony Harrison and the Holocaust. Liverpool: Liverpool UP, 2001. Print.
Google Scholar

Rylance, Rick. “On Not Being Milton.” Bloodaxe Critical Anthologies: Tony Harrison. Ed. Neil Astley. Newscastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe, 1991. 114–28. Print.
Google Scholar

Savage, Mike, et al. “Local Habitus and Working-Class Culture.” Rethinking Class: Culture, Identities and Lifestyles. Ed. Fiona Devine et al. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. 95–122. Print.
Google Scholar

Watts, Richard. “From Polite Language to Educated Language: The Re-Emergence of Ideology.” Alternative Histories of English. Ed. Richard Watts and Peter Trudgill. London: Routledge, 2002. 155–72. Print.
Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2016-11-23

How to Cite

Handley, . A. G. (2016). On (Not) Being Milton: Tony Harrison’s Liminal Voice. Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture, (6), 276–290. https://doi.org/10.1515/texmat-2016-0017

Issue

Section

Articles