Critical Review: The Impact of Political Prisons on Political Participation (The Case of Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1641-4233.30.03Keywords:
political prisoners, revolutionary change, conceptual analysis, political integrationAbstract
Many revolutionary figures throughout history proved their corrupted intention whenever they reached authority (e.g., the Iranian revolution, Burma’s Aung Suu Kyi). Some political leaders in Egypt claim they own it all depending on whom they represented in the latest major social uprising, and they define what is moral or who shall be the target for future political manoeuvres of the ruling military regime. With no one taking the lead for democratising the system, and the ex-minister of defence, incumbent President Abdelfattah Al-Sisi allegedly caught up in an internal fight with a corrupt government, the country’s better future seems to be a long and arduous struggle away. This paper addresses the overlapping and misleading media and political utterances of Egyptian opposition, who either takes a popular stand or loses followers through democratisation itself.
Downloads
References
Abbasi, Ishrat & Khatwani, Mukesh. “An Overview of the Political Theories of Terrorism”. IOSR. Journal Of Humanities And Political Science, 19 (8) (2014): 103–107, https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-1985103107
Google Scholar
Abdelfattah Al-Sisi. Freedom of Religion Is My Priority. Public Conference, 2021. Web. 11th May 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgxy3hch4z0&t=85s
Google Scholar
Abdelfattah, Alaa. “The MBs Are Planning Revenge”. Youm7 TV, 2012. Web. 12th October 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=es_plhooidy
Google Scholar
Abdelrahman, Waleed. “The MB Youth Participate in the Leadership Conflict”. Alsharq Alawsat, 2021. Web. 12th September 2021, http://aawsat.com/home/article/38563/%d8%b4%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8-%c%ab%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%c%bb-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%ae%d8%b7-%d8%a3%d8%b%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%c%ab%d9%8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b%d8%ac%c%bb
Google Scholar
Aboubakr, Randa. “The Political Prisoner as Antihero: The Prison Poetry of Wole Soyinka and Ahmad Fu’ad Nigm”. Comparative Literature Studies 46 (2) (2009), Literature And Theories Of Africa: 261–286, https://www.jstor.org/stable/25659716?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3ac201a69c592eb625b3e1032f0f9703dc&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents (accessed: 12.10.2020).
Google Scholar
Alsagheer, Mohamed. “Islam Respects Human Rights Regardless of Race or Color”. Mekameleen TV, 2018. Web. 15th June 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwsqqfqok9g
Google Scholar
Brechenmacher, Saskia. Civil Society under Assault: Repression and Responses in Russia, Egypt, and Ethiopia. Carnegie Endowment For International Peace, 2017. Web. 15th June 2020, https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep26904.8?search=yes&resultitemclick=true&searchtext=political+prisons+in+egypt&searchuri=%2faction%2fdobasicsearch%3fquery%3dpolitical%2bprisons%2bin%2begypt%26so%3drel&ab_segments=0%2fsyc-6168%2fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3a0e71595a310031be4f9ad014554e5e6e&seq=5#metadata_info_tab_contents
Google Scholar
Chaabane, Hussein. “Sisi’s Solution to Human Rights Abuses: Build the Largest Prison in Egypt”. Inside Arabia, 2021. Web. 15th June 2020, https://insidearabia.com/sisis-solution-to-human-rights-abuses-build-the-largest-prison-in-egypt/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=sisis-solution-to-human-rights-abuses-build-the-largest-prison-in-egypt
Google Scholar
Degregorio, Christina. “Islamism in Politics: Integration and Persecution in Egypt”. Al-jami’ah. Journal of Islamic Studies 48 (2) (2010): 343–361, https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2010.482.343-363
Google Scholar
Devasia, V.V. “Victimology and the Role of Victim In Crime. Cochin”. University Law Review 1980: 219–239, http://dspace.cusat.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10898/1/victimology%20and%20the%20role%20of%20victim%20in%20crime.pdf (accessed: 12.09.2021).
Google Scholar
Dunne, Michelle. “Egypt: Elections or Constitution First? Carnegie Endowment”. 2021. Web. 12th October 2020, https://carnegieendowment.org/2011/06/21/egypt-elections-or-constitution-first-pub-44744
Google Scholar
Elbeltagy, Mohamed. “Whatever Is Happening in Sinai Is a Result of The Military Coup”. Al-Nahar TV, 2013. Web. 11th May 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a25hawtt18q
Google Scholar
Elomda, Yasser. “Al-sisi Heroic Actions”. Youtube Channel, 2021. Web. 11th May 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfgrvjobg-0
Google Scholar
Elshamy, Mosab. “Five Years Ago, I Witnessed A Massacre. Here’s How It Changed Me”. Time.com, 2018. Web. 12th September 2021, https://time.com/longform/rabaa-square-massacre-legacy/
Google Scholar
Fahmy, Ahmed. “The MBS never Negotiated Anything with Other Political Factions”. Watan TV, 2021. Web. 11th May 2022, https://ww.youtube.com/watch?v=wp6elfzetfs
Google Scholar
Guzzini, Stefano. Power in International Relations: Concept Formation between Conceptual Analysis and Conceptual History. Copenhagen Peace Research Institute, 2002: 1–24, https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/wps/gus03/gus03.pdf (accessed: 12.09.2020).
Google Scholar
Hessler, Peter. “Egypt’s Failed Revolution”. The New Yorker, 2016. Web. 15th June 2020, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/01/02/egypts-failed-revolution
Google Scholar
Ismael, Khaled. “Elsharq Staff Expose Moataz Matar”. Extra News, 2019. Web. 12th September 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=798yuhnk1vo
Google Scholar
Kamal, Mohamed. “Fake Liberalism”. Al-masry Alyoum, 2014. Web. 11th May 2022, https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1688159
Google Scholar
Monir, Ibrahim. “Morsi Was a Target for What He Represented”. Watan TV, 2021. Web. 12th September 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=weyttivenr0
Google Scholar
Nada, Youssef. “Youssef Nada Explains His Initiative to Reconcile with the Egyptian President”. Evening Post, 2018. Web. 12th September 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=musc1jaxpbs
Google Scholar
Najda Human Rights Organization From Egypt. Web. 11th May 2022, http://najdahumanrights.com/
Google Scholar
Napoli, Antonella Egitto. La Propaganda Di Un Regime Sui Diritti Umani. Il Caso Maat. Focus On Africa. 2021. Web. 11th May 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jjddolgho4
Google Scholar
Nasser, Mohamed. “Joe Biden’s Oath, and the Bible”. Mekameleen TV, 2021. Web. 11th May 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlmtktdg3wu
Google Scholar
Nasser, Mohamed. “Nasser Attacked the Arab Liberals”. Mekameleen TV, 2017b. Web. 12th September 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umucu6xgk9i
Google Scholar
Nasser, Mohamed. “Nasser Expose Liberalists”. Mekameleen TV, 2019b. Web. 11th May 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmromgfbqpq
Google Scholar
Nasser, Mohamed. “Nasser Teaches Secularists a Lesson for the New Zealand Massacre”. Mekameleen TV, 2019. Web. 15th June 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0cd96fsxuo
Google Scholar
Nasser, Mohamed. “The Public Who Witnessed The Revolution Is Not Into History Making”. Mekameleen TV, 2017. Web. 12th October 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3g1c52yfw1o
Google Scholar
Nasser, Mohamed. “Turkey’s Battle between Islam and Secularism”. Mekameleen TV, 2020. Web. 11th May 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqnuwm_xnyq
Google Scholar
Nour, Ayman. “Nour’s Statement on the National Alliance of Political Factions”. Elsharq TV, 2021. Web 11th May 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=used4wbv5x4&t=115s
Google Scholar
Nour, Ayman. “The MBs Are not Supposed to Work Exclusively Like the Old Regime”. Mbc Masr, 2013. Web. 11th May 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1mguadpjui
Google Scholar
Özdemir, Ahmet Yusuf. From Hasan Al-banana to Mohammad Morsi. Middle East Technical University, 2013: 76–123, https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12616165/index.pdf (accessed: 12.09.2021).
Google Scholar
Rights and Freedoms. “Political Prisoners Call for Al-Azhar’s Mediation into Their Early Release”. Arab21 Website, 2021. Web. 12th October 2020, https://arabi21.com/story/1393190/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%b3%d-8%a7%d8%b7%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%87%d9%85
Google Scholar
Sallam, Hesham. Opposition Alliances and Democratisation in Egypt. United States Institute Of Peace (2008): 4–5, https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/102245/2008_06_usip_0608.pdf (accessed: 12.09.2021).
Google Scholar
Seif Al-Dawla, Aida & Atallah, Lina. “A Beast That Took a Break and Came Back: Prison Torture in Egypt”. Middle East Report No. 275 (2015), Inside The Inside: Life In Prison: 8–11, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24426577?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3a013d24c04c678999490232a9b33ff510&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents (accessed: 15.06.2020).
Google Scholar
Shaker, Nadeen. “The Plight of Egypt’s Political Prisoners”. Middle East Report No. 279 (2016), Israel’s War Record In Gaza: 20–27, https://www.jstor.org/stable/44578524?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3aeb4a436c334f239952d48dd7556e947e&seq=8#page_scan_tab_contents (accessed: 12.09.2021).
Google Scholar
Shehata, Mostafa. “Political Participation and Power Relations in Egypt: The Scope of Newspapers and Social Network Sites”. Media and Communication 5 (2) (2017): 53–61, https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v5i2.898
Google Scholar
Syed, Maria. “Exploring the Causes of Revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt”. Ipri (2014): 56–77, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/886968 (accessed: 12.09.2021).
Google Scholar
Taha, Rana Mohamed. “The Remains of Mohamed Mahmoud”. Daily News Egypt, 2011. Web. 15th June 2020, https://dailynewsegypt.com/2013/11/19/the-remains-of-mohamed-mahmoud/
Google Scholar
Zawba, Hamza. “Hamza Zawba Addressing Bassem Youssef Gloating”. Mekameleen TV, 2021. Web. 15th June 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrng6r_crlg
Google Scholar
Zawba, Hamza. “I Challenge Everyone to Eliminate Political Islam”. Mekameleen TV, 2019. Web. 12th September 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgkjshgqsyy
Google Scholar
Zawba, Hamza. “The Military Coup in Egypt Targets Islam, not the MBs”. Mekameleen TV, 2016. Web. 12th September 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58wetr4ucvq
Google Scholar
Published
Versions
- 2024-06-18 (2)
- 2024-05-10 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.