English mead, Polish miód and German Met from a historical and comparative perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1427-9665.14.06Keywords:
Slavic-Germanic cognates, diachronic analysis, sound change, contrastive analysis, relicAbstract
The paper presents a diachronic analysis of Polish miód ‘honey’, English mead and German Met ‘mead’ conducted according to a new approach to contrastive studies.Taking into account potential cognates in other languages, the work aims to investigate the evolution of the common ancestor word *medh-u- in two lines of development: the Slavic leading to modern Polish, and the Germanic leading to modern English and High German. In order to understand these branching paths, the pertinent sound changes have been identified, which transformed the common proto-form. These developments are illustrated with further examples and, in the summary, ordered chronologically. The paper also discusses an old compound *medvědь (Polish niedźwiedź), which can be considered a taboo designation for a bear, and contains also the root *medъ ‘honey’.
References
Beekes R. (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (with the assistance of Lucien van Beek), Leiden: Brill.
Google Scholar
Beowulf (1906), Text mit diakritischen Zeichen, mit paralleler Übersetzung von Hugo Gering, bearbeitet von Benjamin Slade, British Library MS Cotton Vitellius A.xv (Gneuss 399), http://www.heorot.dk/beo-intro-de.html (Zugriff am: 19.12.2018).
Google Scholar
Boryś W. (2005), Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.
Google Scholar
Burrow T. , Emeneau M. (1984), A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary, 2. Aufl., Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Google Scholar
Derksen R. (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden–Boston: Brill.
Google Scholar
Gamkrelidze T. , Ivanov V. (1995), Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Google Scholar
Hellinger M. (1977), Kontrastive Grammatik Deutsch/Englisch, Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Google Scholar
Kluge F. , Seebold E. (2011), Kluge Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25. Aufl. Berlin–Boston: De Gruyter.
Google Scholar
Kroonen G. (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden–Boston: Brill.
Google Scholar
Lass R. (1994), Old English: A historical linguistic companion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press..
Google Scholar
Magnússon Á. (1989), Icelandic Etymological Dictionary, Orðabók Háskólans.
Google Scholar
Mallory J. , Adams D. (Hrsg ) (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London–Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn.
Google Scholar
Mann S. (1984), An Indo-European Comparative Dictionary, Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
Google Scholar
Martirosyan H. (2009), Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon, (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, vol 8 ), Leiden–Boston: Brill.
Google Scholar
Mayrhofer M. (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen, Heidelberg: Carl Winter– Universitätsverlag.
Google Scholar
Nitsch K., Klemensiewicz Z., Urbańczyk S. (Hrsg.) (1953–2002), Słownik staropolski, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk.
Google Scholar
OED The Oxford English Dictionary, 3. Aufl.: OED Online, März 2000-, Hg. John A. Simpson, http://www.oed.com (Zugriff am: 19.12.2018).
Google Scholar
Onions C. (1966), The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Orel V. (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Google Scholar
Pokorny J. (1959), Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, Bern und Munchen: Francke Verlag.
Google Scholar
Puhvel J. (1984–1997), HED Hittite Etymological Dictionary, I–IV, Berlin–New York–Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter.
Google Scholar
Rédei K. (Hg.) (1988), Uralisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
Google Scholar
Rychło M. (2012), An etymological comparison of English ‘fist’ and Polish ‘pięść’: How they both descended from the PIE root for ‘five’. In: Linguistica Silesiana 33, S. 19–38.
Google Scholar
Rychło M. (2013), English ‘herd’ and Polish ‘trzoda’: How the two words developed from one Proto-Indo European root. In: Acta Neophilologica XV (1), S. 155–166.
Google Scholar
Rychło M. (2014a), Ślady prawa Grimma w angielszczyźnie w zestawieniu z polskimi wyrazami pokrewnymi: pie. *p > pgerm. *f. In: Język Polski XCIV (3), S. 200–211.
Google Scholar
Rychło M. (2014b), Przejście pie. *p w pgerm. *f utrwalone w polsko-angielskich wyrazach pokrewnych: praformy różniące się budową słowotwórczą oraz późniejsze zmiany modyfikujące skutki prawa Grimma. In: Język Polski XCIV (5), S. 452–462.
Google Scholar
Rychło M. (2016), Can weep lure? An analysis of a controversial Slavico-Germanic pair of cognates, In: Beyond Philology 13, S. 103–124.
Google Scholar
Rychło M. (2017), Kontrowersyjne ślady zmiany pie. *p > pgerm. *f utrwalone w polsko-angielskich wyrazach pokrewnych: zestawienia sporne i wczesne zapożyczenia. In: Język Polski XCVII (3), S. 114–128.
Google Scholar
Rychło M. (2018), Polish ‘reż’ and English ‘rye’ concealed in Polish ‘rżysko’: A case study of a pair of cognates and a root archaism. In: Linguistica Silesiana 39, S. 119–133.
Google Scholar
Rychło M. (2019), Contrasting Cognates in Modern Languages from a Diachronic Perspective, Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego.
Google Scholar
Vasmer M. (1953–1958), Russisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
Google Scholar
Watkins C. (2011), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 3rd Edn., New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston.
Google Scholar
