ICT Usage in Enterprises in the Years 2010–2019 – Poland in Comparison with Other European Union Countries

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.361.02

Keywords:

information and communication technologies, ICT, enterprises, multivariate exploratory data analysis, principal component analysis, PCA, EU

Abstract

As Eurostat’s glossary explains, the term Information and Communication Technologies (ICT): ‘covers all technical means used to handle information and aid communication. This includes both computer and network hardware, as well as their software.’ In both local and global perspective, the ICT impact on modern economies and societies is undeniable. Moreover, it is growing, as the usability and technical capabilities are expanding. The researchers recognised that the ICT expansion in enterprises is a stimulant for economic development, as it strengthens competitiveness and innovation. Its impact on labour markets is significant, and constantly increasing demand for digital competences and ICT specialists can be observed. In both global and local perspective, the ICT sector is growing dynamically along with its value share in GDP. Monitoring the development of ICT usage as well as analysing how it stimulates socio‑economic transformations and growth are crucial for global leaders, governments and local authorities all over the world in order to formulate policy at all levels. Also, it plays a significant role in modern businesses expansion, as it strengthens innovativeness and competitiveness.

The main objective of the paper is to study the ICT usage development in Poland against other EU countries from the enterprises’ perspective in the years 2010–2019 (before the COVID–19 pandemic and Brexit). The research presented was based on Eurostat data. The variables were selected on the basis of the literature review on ICT usage, as well as the criterion of data availability and comprehensiveness. The exploratory data analysis methods dealing with three‑way data structures, i.e. the between and within‑class principal component analysis, were used, and the presentation of the results was supported by factorial maps (scatterplots and biplots).

In the analysed period, enterprises in all the European Union Member States intensified their ICT usage. Despite the positive trend from 2010 to 2019, Poland remained far behind the leading countries, and more precisely, was in the group of the least developed ones.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bajdor P. (2015), The Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Polish Companies in Comparison to Companies from European Union, “Procedia Economics and Finance”, vol. 27, pp. 702–712, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01051-5
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01051-5

Becker J., Becker A., Sulikowski P., Zdziebko T. (2018), ANP-based analysis of ICT usage in Central European enterprises, “Procedia Computer Science”, vol. 126, pp. 2173–2183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.07.231
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.07.231

Billon M., Marco R., Lera‑Lopez F. (2017), Innovation and ICT use by firms and households in the EU: A multivariate analysis of regional disparities, “Information Technology People”, vol. 30(2), pp. 424–448, https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-05-2015-0098
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-05-2015-0098

Cheng C., Chien M., Lee C. (2021), ICT diffusion financial development and economic growth: An international cross-country analysis, “Economic Modelling”, vol. 94, pp. 662–671, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.02.008
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.02.008

Dufour A.B. (2008), Within PCA and Between PCA, http://pbil.univ‑lyon1.fr/R/pdf/course4.pdf [accessed: 25.03.2019].
Google Scholar

Dutta S., Lanvin B. (eds.) (2019), The Network Readiness Index 2019: Towards a future-ready society, Portulans Institute, Washington.
Google Scholar

European Commission (2017), Toolbox 2017 edition – Quality of Public administration, https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=738&langId=en&pubId=8055&type=2&furtherPubs=no [accessed: 1.03.2022].
Google Scholar

European Commission (2020), The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2020, https://ec.europa.eu/digital‑single‑market/en/news/digital‑economy‑and‑society‑index‑desi‑2020 [accessed: 1.03.2022].
Google Scholar

European Commission, Directorate‑General for the Information Society and Media, Gualtieri V., Curtarelli M., Donlevy V., Shater Jannati M. (2017), ICT for work: digital skills in the workplace: final report, Publications Office, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2759/498467 [accessed: 1.03.2022].
Google Scholar

Eurostat (2016), Glossary: Information and communication technology (ICT), https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics‑explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Information_and_communication_technology_(ICT)&oldid=305431 [accessed: 1.03.2022].
Google Scholar

Eurostat (2022), Impact of COVID–19 on the use of ICT in enterprises, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics‑explained/index.php?title=Impact_of_COVID‑19_on_the_use_of_ICT_in_enterprises#Impact_of_COVID‑19_pandemic_on_remote_access_to_enterprise_resources_and_remote_meetings [accessed: 30.03.2022].
Google Scholar

Evangelista R., Guerrieri P., Meliciani V . (2014), The economic impact of digital technologies in Europe, “Economics of Innovation and New Technology”, vol. 23, pp. 802–824, http://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2014.918438
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2014.918438

Ferscha A., Farrahi K., Hoven J. van den, Hales D., Nowak A., Lukowicz P., Helbing D. (2012), Socio-inspired ICT, “The European Physical Journal Special Topics”, vol. 214, pp. 401–434, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2012-01700-6
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2012-01700-6

Gower J.C., Le Roux N.C., Gardner‑Lubbe S. (2015), Biplots: quantitative data, “WIREs Comput Stat”, vol. 7, pp. 42–62, https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.1338
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.1338

Górecki T., Krzyśko M. (2012), Functional principal components analysis, [in:] J. Pociecha, R. Decker (eds.), Data Analysis Methods and its Applications, C.H. Beck, Warszawa, pp. 71–87.
Google Scholar

Higon D.A., Gholami R., Shirazi F. (2017), ICT and environmental sustainability: A global perspective, “Telematics Inform”, vol. 34(4), pp. 85–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.01.001
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.01.001

Hilty L.M., Aebischer B. (2015), ICT for sustainability: An emerging research field, [in:] L.M. Hilty, B. Aebischer (eds.), ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, Springer, Cham, pp. 3–36, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09228-7_1
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09228-7_1

Jorgenson D.W., Vu K.M. (2016), The ICT revolution world economic growth and policy issues, “Telecommunications Policy”, vol. 40(5), pp. 383–397, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2016.01.002
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2016.01.002

Khalili F., Lau W., Cheong K. (2014), ICT as a source of economic growth in the information age: empirical evidence from ICT leading countries, “Research Journal of Economics Business and ICT”, vol. 9(1), pp. 1–18.
Google Scholar

Khan F.N., Sana A., Arif U. (2020), Information and communication technology (ICT) and environmental sustainability: a panel data analysis, “Environmental Science and Pollution Research”, vol. 27, pp. 36718–36731, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09704-1
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09704-1

Kostoska O., Kocarev L. (2019), A Novel ICT Framework for Sustainable Development Goals, “Sustainability”, vol. 11(7), pp. 1–31, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071961
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071961

Krzyśko M., Łukaszonek W., Ratajczak W., Wołyński W. (2018), Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis for Geographically Weighted Temporal spatial Data, “Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica”, vol. 4(337), pp. 169–181, https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.337.11
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.337.11

Lechman E., Marszk A. (2019), ICT Driven Economic and Financial Development. Analyses of European Countries, Academic Press, Cambridge, https://doi.org/10.1016/c2017-0-00344-0
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00344-0

Lechman E., Kutrzeba F., Mustakoski K. (2020), ICT and social development. Conceptual considerations, [in:] E. Lechman, M. Popowska (eds.), Society and Technology. Opportunities and Challenges, Routledge, London, pp. 1–12, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278945
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278945-1

Ministry of Development Funds and Regional Policy (2014), Operational Programme Digital Poland for 2014–2020, https://www.funduszeeuropejskie.gov.pl/media/10410/POPC_eng_1632015.pdf [accessed: 1.03.2022].
Google Scholar

Moroz M. (2017), The Level of Development of the Digital Economy in Poland and Selected European Countries: A Comparative Analysis, “Foundations of Management”, vol. 9, pp. 175–190, https://doi.org/10.1515/fman-2017-0014
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/fman-2017-0014

Niebel T. (2018), ICT and economic growth – Comparing developing emerging and developed countries, “World Development”, vol. 104, pp. 197–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.11.024
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.11.024

OECD (2013), ICTs and the Health Sector. Towards Smarter Health and Wellness Models, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264202863-en
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264202863-en

Pradhan R.P., Mallik G., Bagchi T.P. (2018), Information communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and economic growth: A causality evinced by cross country panel data, “IIMB Management Review”, vol. 30(1), pp. 91–103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2018.01.001
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2018.01.001

Preda A., Crisan D.A., Stanica J.L., Samuel N.A. (2019), Innovation and ICT development: an analysis for the EU–28 Member States, “Journal of Information Systems Operations Management”, vol. 13(2), pp. 154–163.
Google Scholar

Savulescu C. (2015), Dynamics of ICT Development in the EU, “Procedia Economics and Finance”, vol. 23, pp. 513–520, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00552-3
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00552-3

Smyrnova Trybulska E. (2018), Technologie informacyjno komunikacyjne i e learning we współczesnej edukacji, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice.
Google Scholar

Statistics Poland (2018), Information society in Poland. Results of statistical surveys in the years 2014–2018, Warszawa–Szczecin.
Google Scholar

The International Telecommunication Union (2018), Measuring the Information Society Report 2018, Geneva.
Google Scholar

Thioulouse J., Dray S., Dufour A.B., Siberchicot A., Jombart T., Pavoine S. (2018), Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data with ade4, Springer, New York, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8850-1
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8850-1

Wojnar J. (2015), Tempo rozwoju ICT w Polsce oraz syntetyczna ocena dystansu Polski od krajów Unii Europejskiej w zakresie wykorzystania technologii informacyjnych, “Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy”, vol. 44(4), pp. 372–381, https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2015.4.2.32
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2015.4.2.32

Zečević A., Radović Stojanović J., Čudan A. (2019), Primena informaciono komunikacionih tehnologija u preduzećima u zemljama Evropske unije, “Ekonomski horizonti”, vol. 21(3), pp. 273–294, https://doi.org/10.5937/ekonhor1903281Z
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/ekonhor1903281Z

Ziemba E. (2019), The contribution of ICT adoption to the sustainable information society, “Journal of Computer Information Systems”, vol. 59(2), pp. 116–126, https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2017.1312635
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2017.1312635

Downloads

Published

2023-02-22

How to Cite

Kupis-Fijałkowska, A., & Misztal, M. (2023). ICT Usage in Enterprises in the Years 2010–2019 – Poland in Comparison with Other European Union Countries. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica, 4(361), 22–57. https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.361.02

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

<< < 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.