People-Powered Planning: Planning from the bottom up in a top-down system

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.28.2.13

Keywords:

spatial planning, centralisation, collaboration, village planning, Ireland

Abstract

This paper is concerned with spatial policy in Ireland. It adopts an historical lens to help explain why Ireland currently finds itself at the bottom of the European league table with regard to local governance. After categorising the Irish political and planning system as highly centralised, bureaucratic and linear, the paper uses a case study of the Moycullen village plan to show an alternate path towards place development in Ireland. This case study sets out to contrast the desire of a people to collaborate in the authorship of their place with the top down nature of spatial planning in Ireland. By making clear the methods and results of the project, this paper highlights the latent demand that exists in a community that is subject to national planning system that reduces their ability to affect change. Through the use of some innovative approaches, this project has sought to fire the geographic imaginary of a people with respect to their place.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ALBRECHTS, L. (2010), ‘More of the same is not enough! How could strategic spatial planning be instrumental in dealing with the challenges ahead?’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 37 (6), pp. 1115–1127. https://doi.org/10.1068/b36068
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/b36068

ARNETT, J. J. (2002), ‘The psychology of globalization’, American Psychologist, 57 (10), p. 774. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.10.774
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.10.774

BARRY, F. (2019), ‘Aggressive tax planning practices and inward-FDI implications for Ireland of the new US corporate tax regime’, The Economic and Social Review, 50 (2, Summer), pp. 325–340.
Google Scholar

BARTLEY, B. and TREADWELL SHINE, K. (2003), ‘Competitive city: governance and the changing dynamics of urban regeneration in Dublin’, The globalized city: economic restructuring and social polarization in European cities, pp. 146–166.
Google Scholar

BRADLEY, Q. (2015), ‘The political identities of neighbourhood planning in England’, Space and Polity, 19 (2), pp. 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2015.1046279
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2015.1046279

BREATHNACH, P. (2010), ‘From spatial keynesianism to post‐fordist neoliberalism: emerging contradictions in the spatiality of the Irish State’, Antipode, 42 (5), pp. 1180–1199.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00798.x

BREATHNACH, P. (2013), ‘Regional governance and regional development: Implications of the Action Programme for Effective Local Government’, Administration, 61 (3), pp. 51–73.
Google Scholar

BREEN, R. L. (2006), ‘A practical guide to focus-group research’, Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 30 (3), pp. 463–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098260600927575
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03098260600927575

BRENNER, N. (2006), ‘Global cities, glocal states: global city formation and state territorial restructuring in contemporary Europe’, [in:] BRENNER, N. and KEIL, R. (eds.), The Global Cities Reader, Oxford: Routledge.
Google Scholar

BUCHANAN, C. (1968), Regional Studies in Ireland, Dublin: An Foras Forbartha.
Google Scholar

BURGESS, P. (1993), ‘City planning and the planning of cities: the recent historiography’, Journal of Planning Literature, 7 (4), pp. 314–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/088541229300700402
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/088541229300700402

CAMERON, J. (2005), ‘Focusing on the focus group’, Qualitative research methods in human geography, 2 (8), pp. 116–132.
Google Scholar

Central Bank of Ireland (2020), Quarterly Report, https://www.centralbank.ie/docs/default-source/publications/quarterly-bulletins/qb-archive/2020/quarterly-bulletin---q2-2020.pdf
Google Scholar

COLLINS, N., CRADDEN, T. and BUTLER, P. (2007), Modernising Irish government: The politics of administrative reform, Gill & Macmillan Ltd.
Google Scholar

COLLINS, P. (2020), ‘Who makes the city? The evolution of Galway city’, Administration, 68 (2), pp. 59–78. https://doi.org/10.2478/admin-2020-0011
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/admin-2020-0011

Committee on the Price of Building Land (1973), Report to the Minister for Local Government, Dublin: Stationery Office.
Google Scholar

Department of the Environment (2018), The National Development Plan 2040, Dublin: Government of Ireland.
Google Scholar

FAINSTEIN, S. S. (2000), ‘New directions in planning theory’, Urban affairs review, 35 (4), pp. 451–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/107808740003500401
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107808740003500401

FALUDI, A. (2010), Cohesion, coherence, cooperation: European spatial planning coming of age?, London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203842324
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203842324

FALUDI, A. (2015), ‘Place is a no man’s land’, Geographia Polonica, 88 (1), pp. 5–20. https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.2015.1
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.2015.1

FERBER, U., JACKSON, J. B., PREUSS, T., VERBÜCHELN, M. and STARZEWSKA-SIKORSKA, A. (2013), ‘Drive Towards Circular Land Use Management’, [in:] PLANNING TIMES–You better Keep Planning or You get in Deep Water, for the Cities they are A-Changin’. Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Urban Planning, Regional Development and Information Society, pp. 267–273, CORP–Compentence Center of Urban and Regional Planning.
Google Scholar

FERRITER, D. (2020), ‘A return to Home Rule’, Keynote speech at Ireland’s Edge workshop, Ballina.
Google Scholar

FOGESLONG, R. (1986), Planning the Capitalist City; the colonial era to the 1920s, Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400854509
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400854509

FOX-ROGERS, L. and MURPHY, E. (2014), ‘Informal strategies of power in the local planning system’, Planning Theory, 13 (3), pp. 244–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095213492512
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095213492512

FOX-ROGERS, L., MURPHY, E. and GRIST, B. (2011), ‘Legislative change in Ireland: A Marxist political economy critique of planning law’, Town Planning Review, 82 (6), pp. 639–668. https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2011.37
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2011.37

GEPPERT, A. (2016), ‘Planning without a spatial development perspective? The French case’, [in:] KNAAP, G., NEDOVIC-BUDIC, Z. and CARBONELL, A. (eds.), Planning for states and nation states in the US and Europe, pp. 381–410, Massachusetts: Colombia University Press.
Google Scholar

GREGORY, D. (1994), Geographical imaginations, London: Blackwell.
Google Scholar

GRIST, B. (2016), ‘Irish National Spatial Planning’, [in:] KNAAP, G., NEDOVIC-BUDIC, Z. and CARBONELL, A. (eds.), Planning for states and nation states in the US and Europe, pp. 453–496, Massachusetts: Colombia University Press.
Google Scholar

HALL, P. (1998), Cities in Civilisation, New York: Pantheon Books.
Google Scholar

HALFACREE, K. (1997), ‘Contrasting roles for the post-productivist countryside, a postmodern perspective on counterurbanisation’, [in:] CLOKE, P. and LITTLE, J. (eds.), Contested Countryside Cultures, Otherness, Marginalization and Rurality, London: Routledge.
Google Scholar

HARVEY, D. (1989), ‘From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: the transformation in urban governance in late capitalism’, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 71 (1), pp. 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.1989.11879583
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.1989.11879583

HEALEY, P. (1997), Collaborative planning: Shaping places in fragmented societies, Macmillan International Higher Education.
Google Scholar

HEALEY, P. (2004), ‘The treatment of space and place in the new Strategic Spatial Planning in Europe’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28, pp. 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00502.x
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00502.x

HEALEY, P. (ed.) (2006), Making strategic spatial plans, London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203451502
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203451502

HOLGERSEN, S. (2020), ‘On Spatial Planning and Marxism: looking back, going forward’, Antipode, 52 (3), pp. 800–824. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12614
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12614

HOURIHAN, K. (1989), ‘Urban change in the Republic of Ireland: The search for policies’, Cities, 6 (3), pp. 209–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(89)90029-2
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(89)90029-2

KEEBLE, L. (1952), Principles and Practice in Town and Country Planning, London: Estates Gazette.
Google Scholar

KIRBY, P. (2017), ‘Cloughjordan ecovillage: modelling the transition to a low-carbon society’, In Transitioning to a Post-Carbon Society, pp. 183–205, London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95176-5_8
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95176-5_8

KITCHIN, R., O’CALLAGHAN, C., BOYLE, M., GLEESON, J. and KEAVENEY, K. (2012), ‘Placing neoliberalism: the rise and fall of Ireland’s Celtic Tiger’, Environment and Planning A, 44 (6), pp. 1302–1326. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44349
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/a44349

LAFFAN, B. (1996), ‘Ireland: A region without regions–the odd man out?’, [in:] HOOGHE, L. (ed.), Cohesion policy and European integration: building multi-level governance, pp. 320–341, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar

LOGAN, J. and MOLOTCH, H. (1986), Urban Fortunes, Berkeley, University of California Press.
Google Scholar

LONG, H. and WOODS, M. (2011), ‘Rural restructuring under globalization in eastern coastal China: what can be learned from Wales?’, Journal of Rural and Community Development, 6 (1), pp. 70–94.
Google Scholar

LYNCH, C. (2008), Integrated Area Planning: A Collaborative Approach to Decision-making, Dublin: Oak Tree Press.
Google Scholar

MACFEELY, S. (2016), ‘Opportunism over strategy: a history of regional policy and spatial planning in Ireland’, International Planning Studies, 21 (4), pp. 377–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2016.1162403
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2016.1162403

MOLOTCH, H. (1976), ‘The city as a growth machine: Toward a political economy of place’, American journal of sociology, 82 (2), pp. 309–332. https://doi.org/10.1086/226311
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/226311

MOUFFE, C. (1993), The return of the political, London: Verso.
Google Scholar

MURRAY, M. (2010), Participatory Rural Planning: Exploring Evidence from Ireland, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Google Scholar

MURPHY, M. (2019), More Power to You, FORSA Report, SIPTU Dublin.
Google Scholar

NEEDHAM, B. (2016), ‘The National Spatial Strategy for the Netherlands’, [in:] KNAAP, G., NEDOVIC-BUDIC, Z. and CARBONELL, A. (eds.), Planning for states and nation states in the US and Europe, pp. 297–232, Massachusetts: Colombia University Press.
Google Scholar

NOY, D. (2008), ‘Power mapping: enhancing sociological knowledge by developing generalizable analytical public tools’, The American Sociologist, 39 (1), pp. 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-008-9030-5
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-008-9030-5

O’CALLAGHAN, C., KELLY, S., BOYLE, M. and KITCHIN, R. (2015), ‘Topologies and topographies of Ireland’s neoliberal crisis’, Space and Polity, 19 (1), pp. 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2014.991120
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2014.991120

PURCELL, M. (2007), ‘City‐regions, neoliberal globalization and democracy: a research agenda’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 31 (1), pp. 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2007.00714.x
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2007.00714.x

RICHARDSON, T. and JENSEN, O. B. (2000), ‘Discourses of mobility and polycentric development: a contested view of European spatial planning’, European Planning Studies, 8 (4), pp. 503–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/713666421
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/713666421

SAGER, T. (2009), ‘Planners’ role: Torn between dialogical ideals and neo-liberal realities’, European Planning Studies, 17 (1), pp. 65–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310802513948
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310802513948

SCOTT, A. J. (2006), ‘Creative cities: Conceptual issues and policy questions’, Journal of urban affairs, 28 (1), pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2166.2006.00256.x
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2166.2006.00256.x

SCOTT, M. (2006), ‘Strategic spatial planning and contested ruralities: Insights from the Republic of Ireland’, European Planning Studies, 14 (6), pp. 811–829. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500496149
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500496149

SIEBER, R. (2006), ‘Public participation geographic information systems: A literature review and framework’, Annals of the association of American Geographers, 96 (3), pp. 491–507. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00702.x
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00702.x

TOMANEY, J. and WARD, N. (2000), ‘England and the «new regionalism»’, Regional Studies, 34 (5), pp. 471–478. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400050058710
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400050058710

YIFTACHEL, O. (1998), ‘Planning and social control: Exploring the dark side’, Journal of Planning Literature, 12 (2), pp. 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/088541229801200401
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/088541229801200401

Downloads

Published

2021-12-30

How to Cite

Collins, P. (2021). People-Powered Planning: Planning from the bottom up in a top-down system. European Spatial Research and Policy, 28(2), 227–250. https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.28.2.13

Issue

Section

Articles